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      Heart rate variability as a strain indicator for psychological stress for emergency physicians during work and alert intervention: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Background

          The workloads of emergency physicians are severe. The prevalence of burnout among emergency physicians is higher than with other physicians or compared to the general population. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a valid method for objective monitoring of workload. The aim of this paper is to systematically evaluate the literature on heart rate variability as an objective indicator for mental stress of emergency physicians.

          Methods

          A systematic literature review examining heart rate variability of emergency physicians in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for reporting systematic reviews was performed. PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Libary, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were used. The methodological quality was evaluated by using a modified STARD for HRV.

          Results

          Two studies matched the inclusion criteria by using HRV between alert intervention and two other studies were considered that used HRV in other question areas. It showed an adaptation of HRV under stress. The studies were not comparable.

          Conclusions

          There is a need for occupational health studies that examine strains and stress of emergency physicians. The well-established parasympathetic mediated HRV parameters seem to be suitable parameters to objectify the stress.

          Translated abstract

          Hintergrund

          Die Arbeitsbelastungen von Notärzten sind hoch. Die Prävalenz von Burnout ist bei Notärzten höher als bei anderen Ärzten oder im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Analyse der Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) ist eine valide Methode zur objektiven Überwachung der Arbeitsbelastung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine systematische Auswertung der Literatur zur Herzfrequenzvariabilität als objektiver Indikator für die psychische Belastung von Notärzten.

          Methoden

          Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Herzfrequenzvariabilität von Notärzten in Übereinstimmung mit dem Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement zur Erstellung systematischer Reviews durchgeführt. Es wurden die elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Libary, Scopus und Web of Science verwendet. Die methodische Qualität wurde mit Hilfe eines modifizierten STARD für HRV bewertet.

          Ergebnisse

          Zwei Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien, indem sie die HRV zwischen Alarminterventionen verwendeten und zwei weitere Studien wurden berücksichtigt, die die HRV in anderen Fragebereichen verwendeten. Es zeigte sich eine Anpassung der HRV unter Stress. Die Studien waren nicht vergleichbar.

          Schlussfolgerungen

          Es besteht ein Bedarf an arbeitsmedizinischen Studien, die Belastungen und Stress von Notärzten untersuchen. Die gut etablierten parasympathisch vermittelten HRV-Parameter scheinen geeignete Parameter zu sein, um die Belastung zu objektivieren.

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          Most cited references46

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

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            An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms

            Healthy biological systems exhibit complex patterns of variability that can be described by mathematical chaos. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals (IBIs). A healthy heart is not a metronome. The oscillations of a healthy heart are complex and constantly changing, which allow the cardiovascular system to rapidly adjust to sudden physical and psychological challenges to homeostasis. This article briefly reviews current perspectives on the mechanisms that generate 24 h, short-term (~5 min), and ultra-short-term (<5 min) HRV, the importance of HRV, and its implications for health and performance. The authors provide an overview of widely-used HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear metrics. Time-domain indices quantify the amount of HRV observed during monitoring periods that may range from ~2 min to 24 h. Frequency-domain values calculate the absolute or relative amount of signal energy within component bands. Non-linear measurements quantify the unpredictability and complexity of a series of IBIs. The authors survey published normative values for clinical, healthy, and optimal performance populations. They stress the importance of measurement context, including recording period length, subject age, and sex, on baseline HRV values. They caution that 24 h, short-term, and ultra-short-term normative values are not interchangeable. They encourage professionals to supplement published norms with findings from their own specialized populations. Finally, the authors provide an overview of HRV assessment strategies for clinical and optimal performance interventions.
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              Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                beatrice.thielmann@med.ovgu.de
                Journal
                J Occup Med Toxicol
                J Occup Med Toxicol
                Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London, England)
                BioMed Central (London )
                1745-6673
                29 June 2021
                29 June 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 24
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.5807.a, ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, , Otto-von-Guericke-University, ; Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, (Building 20), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5192-4949
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-6233
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-3527
                Article
                313
                10.1186/s12995-021-00313-3
                8240085
                34187497
                ebcce0d9-407c-4608-8ca6-5d39183e7084
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 25 January 2021
                : 9 June 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (3121)
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Occupational & Environmental medicine
                heart rate variability,workload,mental stress ,emergency physician,alert,rescue

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