Quality of life among human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected and human immunodeficiency virus-1/hepatitis C virus co-infected individuals in Iranian patients

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Abstract

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) of people infected with both hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study design was a cross sectional descriptive survey, using self administered questionnaires.

Materials and Methods:

A convenience sample of 242 patients (131 of them HIV/HCV), Iranian adults (aged 18–57) living with HIV/AIDS, was recruited from outpatient referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital behavioral counseling center in Tehran city, Iran. The instruments included the Multidimensional QOL HIV (MQoL HIV) and a demographic section.

Results:

The majority of the samples were male and single. The mean age was 36.52 years (standard deviation = 8.5). HIV mono infected patients reported higher scores in social support and physical functioning, but lower scores in physical health compared with HIV/HCV co infected individuals. There was no significant difference in overall MQOL HIV score between HIV and HIV/HCV patients.

Conclusion:

Future studies will need to explore the impact of HCV on HIV infected individuals' QOL.

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Most cited references 26

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The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994.

Miriam J Alter, Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Omana Nainan … (1999)

Because many persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population-based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of the infection and to develop and evaluate prevention efforts. We performed tests for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) on serum samples from 21,241 persons six years old or older who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted during 1988 through 1994. We determined the prevalence of HCV RNA by means of nucleic acid amplification and the genotype by means of sequencing. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.8 percent, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million persons nationwide (95 percent confidence interval, 3.1 million to 4.8 million) with HCV infection. Sixty-five percent of the persons with HCV infection were 30 to 49 years old. Seventy-four percent were positive for HCV RNA, indicating that an estimated 2.7 million persons in the United States (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 million to 3.0 million) were chronically infected, of whom 73.7 percent were infected with genotype 1 (56.7 percent with genotype 1a, and 17.0 percent with genotype 1b). Among subjects 17 to 59 years of age, the strongest factors independently associated with HCV infection were illegal drug use and high-risk sexual behavior. Other factors independently associated with infection included poverty, having had 12 or fewer years of education, and having been divorced or separated. Neither sex nor racial-ethnic group was independently associated with HCV infection. In the United States, about 2.7 million persons are chronically infected with HCV. People who use illegal drugs or engage in high-risk sexual behavior account for most persons with HCV infection.

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Hepatitis C in the HIV-Infected Person.

L. Thomas, Mark Sulkowski (2003)

Because of shared routes of transmission, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in HIV-infected persons, who have been experiencing increasing HCV-related morbidity and mortality since the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy. Infection with HIV appears to adversely affect the outcome of hepatitis C, leading to increased viral persistence after acute infection, higher levels of viremia, and accelerated progression of HCV-related liver disease. In addition, hepatitis C may affect the course and management of HIV infection. The medical management of hepatitis C in HIV-infected persons is complicated by immune suppression, potential drug interactions and toxicities, and other forms of liver disease. In addition, there is little published experience with the safety and efficacy of the best available anti-HCV medications in HIV-infected persons. Thus, current efforts must be directed at preventing HCV and HIV infections and applying the principles learned in treating persons with either infection to manage those with both. Future efforts should include studies of the pathogenesis of HCV infection in HIV-infected persons and large, prospective studies that demonstrate the optimal management of persons co-infected with HIV and HCV. Such efforts will help to eliminate HCV-related liver disease as an emerging threat to HIV-infected persons.

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Quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study instrument.

Donald Carpenter, Sarel J. Fleishman, Catherine M Stein … (1992)

To assess the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form Health Survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Patient interview survey. The AIDS Health Services Program in seven sites: Newark and Jersey City, New Jersey; Nassau County, New York; Atlanta, Georgia; Dallas, Texas; Fort Lauderdale and Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Seattle, Washington. Patients (520) with HIV infection receiving health services at one of the above sites. All components of the MOS Short Form Health Survey were included in the interview. Minor modifications were made to adapt the survey to the particular circumstances of the study. Measured sociodemographic characteristics included age, sex, race, intravenous drug use, and education. Symptoms were assessed by closed-ended questions concerning memory, seizure, weakness or numbness, fever, chills, diaphoreses, dyspnea, diarrhea, and weight loss. Information on the frequency of symptoms was also collected. History of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi sarcoma was noted. The sociodemographic characteristics resemble those of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC): mean age, 36; men, 89%; nonwhite, 31%; intravenous drug use, 34%. Neurologic symptoms (memory trouble, seizures, weakness or numbness) occurred in 71% of patients; constitutional symptoms (fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss) in 69%; dyspnea in 50%; and diarrhea in 47%. Although older age, female sex, nonwhite race, and intravenous drug use were associated with lower MOS scores in several areas, the strongest single or adjusted indicator of lower MOS scores was the presence of symptoms. Finally, patients with HIV infection had significantly lower scores than did previously reported patients with other chronic medical conditions (P less than 0.001). The MOS survey is a reliable measure of quality of life for patients with HIV infection. These patients tend to have low scores, suggesting validity of the survey. The MOS survey is extremely sensitive to the effect of symptoms, which suggests that it might be useful as a quality-of-life indicator for AIDS clinical drug trials.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Niger Med J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Niger Med J

Journal ID (publisher-id): NMJ

Title: Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 0300-1652

ISSN (Electronic): 2229-774X

Publication date (Print): Jan-Feb 2016

Volume: 57

Issue: 1

Pages: 49-53

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran

[2 ]Department of Infectious Diseases, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[3 ]Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Hossain Jabbari, Department of Infectious Diseases, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: telehealth.ir@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: NMJ-57-49

DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.180560

PMC ID: 4859113

PubMed ID: 27185979

SO-VID: ebe6fd71-6336-4279-ae73-70d4aa0d898f

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Quality of life among human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected and human immunodeficiency virus-1/hepatitis C virus co-infected individuals in Iranian patients

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Abstract

Background:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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IET: COVID-19 related research

Most cited references 26

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994.

Hepatitis C in the HIV-Infected Person.

Quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study instrument.

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