14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Protocolo y algoritmo de diagnóstico, tratamiento y derivación ágil de las úlceras de la extremidad inferior Translated title: Protocol and algorithm for diagnosis, treatment and early referral of lower limb ulcers

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen Las úlceras venosas son una patología muy prevalente, especialmente en pacientes de edad avanzada. Repercuten negativamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y conllevan un importante consumo de recursos. Este artículo propone un práctico algoritmo para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las úlceras en la pierna con el objetivo de optimizar su manejo. Existe una amplia literatura sobre el tema, pero sigue existiendo una brecha entre la evidencia científica y la práctica clínica que seguimos tratando de minimizar. Laboratorios Urgo propuso al Capítulo Español de Flebología y Linfología la creación de un comité de expertos de España y Portugal para la elaboración de un algoritmo de diagnóstico, tratamiento y derivación ágil de las úlceras en la extremidad inferior. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática y se tuvieron en cuenta las guías de práctica clínica (GPC). Se diseñó un algoritmo sobre una regla nemotécnica alfabética que busca ayudar a memorizar los pasos clave del diagnóstico y del tratamiento de estas úlceras. Se englobaron todos los aspectos prácticos, desde la valoración en Atención Primaria por médicos y enfermeras hasta la atención especializada por el especialista en angiología y cirugía vascular. Con las letras del abecedario de la A hasta la F, resumimos los pasos necesarios para asegurar el diagnóstico de la úlcera, el mejor (best) tratamiento local, terapia compresiva, tratamiento preventivo de recidiva después de la cicatrización de la úlcera y estrategia quirúrgica y farmacológica. El diagnóstico preciso, la actuación correcta ajustada a las GPC y la derivación temprana para valorar estrategias quirúrgicas o escleroterapia contribuyen a la resolución y a la reducción del tiempo de cicatrización de las úlceras y la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Seguir las GPC a través de un algoritmo reduce el consumo de recursos y de gasto, acelerando la cicatrización de la úlcera y previniendo su recidiva.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Venous ulcers are a prevalent disease, especially in elderly patients. They have a negative impact in patients' quality of life and carry a significant economic burden. This article suggests an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of lower extremity ulcers in order to optimize their management. There is huge evidence and multiple organizations have published guidelines, consensus documents and treatment recommendations. Nevertheless, there is still a gap between evidence and clinical practice. Urgo Laboratories proposed the Spanish Phlebology and Lymphology Chapter the creation of a Spanish and Portuguese experts committee the elaboration of an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment and early referral of lower extremity ulcers. A systematic review was performed, considering the current clinical practice guidelines. The algorithm was designed on a simple alphabetic mnemonic rule aiming to easily memorize the key points and most relevant issues of the diagnosis and treatment of these ulcers. All necessary steps from primary care nurses and physicians to Vascular Surgery were considered. With the alphabet letters from A to F in Spanish, all key points were summed up. To confirm ulcer diagnosis (asegurar el diagnóstico de la úlcera), best local treatment, compressive therapy, preventive treatment after healing (tratamiento preventivo de recidiva después de la cicatrización de la úlcera), surgical strategy (estrategia quirúrgica) and pharmacological strategy (estrategia farmacológica). An accurate diagnosis, a clinical practice according to the clinical practice guidelines and an early referral to the specialist in order to determine if there is a surgical or interventional strategy are essential to effective resolution and reduction of ulcer healing time, and finally to prevent its recurrence.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Compression for venous leg ulcers.

          Up to one percent of people in industrialised countries will suffer from a leg ulcer at some time. The majority of these leg ulcers are due to problems in the veins, resulting in an accumulation of blood in the legs. Leg ulcers arising from venous problems are called venous (or varicose or stasis) ulcers. The main treatment is the application of a firm compression garment (bandage or stocking) in order to aid venous return. There is a large number of compression garments available and it was unclear whether they are effective in treating venous ulcers and, if so, which method of compression is the most effective. To undertake a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects on venous ulcer healing of compression bandages and stockings.Specific questions addressed by the review are:1. Does the application of compression bandages or stockings aid venous ulcer healing? 2. Which compression bandage or stocking system is the most effective? For this second update we searched: the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (31 May 2012); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 5, 2012); Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to May Week 4 2012); Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations 30 May 2012); Ovid EMBASE (1980 to 2012 Week 21); and EBSCO CINAHL (1982 to 30 May 2012). No date or language restrictions were applied. RCTs recruiting people with venous leg ulceration that evaluated any type of compression bandage system or compression stockings were eligible for inclusion. Eligible comparators included no compression (e.g. primary dressing alone, non-compressive bandage) or an alternative type of compression. RCTs had to report an objective measure of ulcer healing in order to be included (primary outcome for the review). SECONDARY OUTCOMES of the review included ulcer recurrence, costs, quality of life, pain, adverse events and withdrawals. There was no restriction on date, language or publication status of RCTs. Details of eligible studies were extracted and summarised using a data extraction table. Data extraction was performed by one review author and verified independently by a second review author. Forty-eight RCTs reporting 59 comparisons were included (4321 participants in total). Most RCTs were small, and most were at unclear or high risk of bias. Duration of follow-up varied across RCTs. Risk ratio (RR) and other estimates are shown below where RCTs were pooled; otherwise findings refer to a single RCT.There was evidence from eight RCTs (unpooled) that healing outcomes (including time to healing) are better when patients receive compression compared with no compression.Single-component compression bandage systems are less effective than multi-component compression for complete healing at six months (one large RCT).A two-component system containing an elastic bandage healed more ulcers at one year than one without an elastic component (one small RCT).Three-component systems containing an elastic component healed more ulcers than those without elastic at three to four months (two RCTs pooled), RR 1.83 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.67), but another RCT showed no difference between groups at six months.An individual patient data meta-analysis of five RCTs suggested significantly faster healing with the four-layer bandage (4LB) than the short stretch bandage (SSB): median days to healing estimated at 90 and 99 respectively; hazard ratio 1.31 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.58).High-compression stockings are associated with better healing outcomes than SSB at two to four months: RR 1.62 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.10), estimate from four pooled RCTs.One RCT suggested better healing outcomes at 16 months with the addition of a tubular device plus single elastic bandage to a base system of gauze and crepe bandages when compared with two added elastic bandages. Another RCT had three arms; when one or two elastic bandages were added to a base three-component system that included an outer tubular layer, healing outcomes were better at six months for the two groups receiving elastic bandages.There is currently no evidence of a statistically significant difference for the following comparisons:⋅alternative single-component compression bandages (two RCTs, unpooled);⋅two-component bandages compared with the 4LB at three months (three RCTs pooled);⋅alternative versions of the 4LB for complete healing at times up to and including six months (three RCTs, unpooled);⋅4LB compared with paste bandage for complete healing at three months (two RCTs, pooled), six months or one year (one RCT for each time point);⋅adjustable compression boots compared with paste bandages for the outcome of change in ulcer area at three months (one small RCT);⋅adjustable compression boots compared with the 4LB with respect to complete healing at three months (one small RCT);⋅single-layer compression stocking compared with paste bandages for outcome of complete healing at four months (one small RCT) and 18 months (another small RCT);⋅low compression stocking compared with SSB for complete healing at three and six months (one small RCT);⋅compression stockings compared with a two-component bandage system and the 4LB for the outcome of complete healing at three months (one small, three-armed RCT); and,⋅tubular compression compared with SSB (one small RCT) for complete healing at three months. 4LB was more cost-effective than SSB. It was not possible to draw firm conclusions regarding other secondary outcomes including recurrence, adverse events and health-related quality of life. Compression increases ulcer healing rates compared with no compression. Multi-component systems are more effective than single-component systems. Multi-component systems containing an elastic bandage appear to be more effective than those composed mainly of inelastic constituents. Two-component bandage systems appear to perform as well as the 4LB. Patients receiving the 4LB heal faster than those allocated the SSB. More patients heal on high-compression stocking systems than with the SSB. Further data are required before the difference between high-compression stockings and the 4LB can be established.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Current and Emerging Topical Antibacterials and Antiseptics: Agents, Action, and Resistance Patterns.

            Bacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. Prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an antiseptic (such as chlorhexidine or alcohol). However, there is limited evidence to support the widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of topical agents. Challenges involved in the use of topical antimicrobials include increasing rates of bacterial resistance, local hypersensitivity reactions (particularly to older agents, such as bacitracin), and concerns about the indiscriminate use of antiseptics potentially coselecting for antibiotic resistance. We review the evidence for the major clinical uses of topical antibiotics and antiseptics. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of common topical agents and define the clinical and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in these agents. Moreover, we review the potential use of newer and emerging agents, such as retapamulin and ebselen, and discuss the role of antiseptic agents in preventing bacterial skin infections. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical efficacy and drivers of resistance to topical agents will inform the optimal use of these agents to preserve their activity in the future.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers.

              Up to 1% of adults will have a leg ulcer at some time. The majority of leg ulcers are venous in origin and are caused by high pressure in the veins due to blockage or weakness of the valves in the veins of the leg. Prevention and treatment of venous ulcers is aimed at reducing the pressure either by removing/repairing the veins, or by applying compression bandages/stockings to reduce the pressure in the veins.The majority of venous ulcers heal with compression bandages, however ulcers frequently recur. Clinical guidelines therefore recommend that people continue to wear compression, usually in the form of hosiery (tights, stockings, socks) after their ulcer heals, to prevent recurrence.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                angiologia
                Angiología
                Angiología
                Arán Ediciones S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0003-3170
                1695-2987
                April 2023
                : 75
                : 2
                : 59-66
                Affiliations
                [7] Mataró Barcelona orgnameHospital de Mataró orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [1] Pamplona orgnameHospital Universitario de Navarra orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [8] Galdakao Bizkaia orgnameHospital de Galdakao-Usansolo orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [5] Valencia orgnameHospital Universitari Doctor Peset orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [6] Alicante orgnameHospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [3] Valencia orgnameConsorcio Hospital General Universitario orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [4] Granada orgnameHospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                [2] Braga orgnameTrofa Saúde Braga Sul orgdiv1Unidade de Cirugia Vascular Portugal
                [9] Torrelodones Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario HM Torrelodones y HM Madrid orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular España
                Article
                S0003-31702023000200059 S0003-3170(23)07500200059
                10.20960/angiologia.00435
                ebe7b5ab-dcb5-4bf6-9b75-d245a9b1ebae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 June 2022
                : 02 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Práctica basada en la evidencia,Enfermedad venosa crónica,Úlceras venosas,Treatment algorithm,Evidence based practice,Chronic venous disease,Venous leg ulcers,Algoritmo diagnóstico

                Comments

                Comment on this article