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      Maturação do processamento auditivo em crianças com e sem dificuldades escolares Translated title: Auditory processing maturation in children with and without learning difficulties

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          Abstract

          TEMA: maturação do processamento auditivo em escolares com e sem dificuldades escolares. OBJETIVO: verificar a melhora de resposta com o aumento da idade em habilidades do Processamento Auditivo em crianças com idades de oito, nove e dez anos, com e sem dificuldades escolares, e realizar estudo comparativo. MÉTODO: foram avaliadas 89 crianças sem queixas de dificuldades escolares (Grupo I) e 60 com queixas de dificuldades escolares (Grupo II). Os testes do processamento auditivo aplicados foram o Pediatric Speech Inteligibility (PSI), o Fala com Ruído, o Dicótico Não Verbal (DNV) e o Sttagered Spondaic Word (SSW). RESULTADOS: no Grupo I, foi verificado melhor desempenho na resposta entre as idades de oito e dez anos para todos os testes, mas com diferenças estatisticamente significantes apenas para os testes PSI e SSW. Para o Grupo II, também foi verificado melhor desempenho na resposta com o aumento da idade, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes, para todos os testes. No estudo comparativo entre o Grupo I e o Grupo II, para o desempenho em cada teste e para cada faixa etária, verificou-se melhor desempenho no grupo de crianças sem dificuldades escolares, nas três faixas etárias, nos testes PSI, DNV e SSW. CONCLUSÃO: neste estudo, verificou-se a melhora de resposta com o aumento da idade, estatisticamente significante, no desempenho de habilidades do processamento auditivo para as faixas etárias entre oito e dez anos, tanto em crianças sem dificuldades escolares como nas com queixa de dificuldades escolares. No estudo comparativo, verificou-se que as crianças do grupo com dificuldades escolares apresentaram pior desempenho em todos testes aplicados e para as três faixas etárias, sugerindo atraso na maturação das habilidades do processamento auditivo neste grupo.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: auditory processing maturation in school children with and without learning difficulties. AIM: to verify response improvement with the increase in age of the auditory processing skills in school children with ages ranging from eight to ten years, with and without learning difficulties and to perform a comparative study. METHOD: eighty-nine children without learning complaints (Group I) and 60 children with learning difficulties (Group II) were assessed. The used auditory processing tests were: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI), Speech in Noise, Dichotic Non-Verbal (DNV) and Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW). RESULTS: a better performance was observed for Group I between the ages of eight and ten in all of the used tests. However, the observed differences were statistically significant only for PSI and SSW. For Group II, a better performance was also observed with the increase in age, with statistically significant differences for all of the used tests. Comparing the results between Groups I and II, a better performance was verified for children with no learning difficulties, in the three age groups, in PSI, DNV and SSW. CONCLUSION: a statistically significant improvement was verified in the responses of the auditory processing with the increase in age, for the ages between eight and ten years, in children with and without learning difficulties. In the comparative study, it was verified that children with learning difficulties presented a lower performance in all of the used tests in the three age groups. This suggests, for this group, a delay in the maturation of the auditory processing skills.

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          Most cited references27

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          Maturation of human auditory cortex: implications for speech perception.

          Eli Moore (2002)
          This project traced the maturation of the human auditory cortex from midgestation to young adulthood, using immunostaining of axonal neurofilaments to determine the time of onset of rapid conduction. The study identified 3 developmental periods, each characterized by maturation of a different axonal system. During the perinatal period (3rd trimester to 4th postnatal month), neurofilament expression occurs only in axons of the marginal layer. These axons drive the structural and functional development of cells in the deeper cortical layers, but do not relay external stimuli. In early childhood (6 months to 5 years), maturing thalamocortical afferents to the deeper cortical layers are the first source of input to the auditory cortex from lower levels of the auditory system. During later childhood (5 to 12 years), maturation of commissural and association axons in the superficial cortical layers allows communication between different subdivisions of the auditory cortex, thus forming a basis for more complex cortical processing of auditory stimuli.
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            Central auditory processing: current status of research and implications for clinical practice

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              Auditory pathway encoding and neural plasticity in children with learning problems.

              N. Kraus (2001)
              An inability to process auditory information, especially speech, characterizes many children with learning and attention problems. Our working hypothesis is that these speech-sound perception problems arise, at least in some cases, from faulty representation of the speech signal in central auditory centers. Preconscious neurophysiologic representation of sound structure by central auditory pathway neurons can be reflected by subcortical and cortical aggregate neural responses. These neurophysiologic responses can be modified by perceptual learning. Our research has shown that some children with learning problems demonstrate abnormal perception and neural representation of certain speech sounds. Differences between normal and learning-impaired groups can be attributable to aspects of neural synchrony that are reflected in aggregate neural responses. Deficiencies in neural synchrony in these children are apparent in subcortical (as well as cortical) representations of speech-sound structure, and these timing deficits are related to performance on speech-sound perception and learning measures. Moreover, impaired perception and neurophysiologic encoding of speech sounds can be improved with cue enhancement and can be modified by perceptual learning associated with auditory training.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pfono
                Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica
                Pró-Fono R. Atual. Cient.
                Pró-Fono Produtos Especializados para Fonoaudiologia Ltda. (Barueri )
                0104-5687
                December 2005
                : 17
                : 3
                : 311-320
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0104-56872005000300005
                10.1590/S0104-56872005000300005
                ec339ba1-345f-4f67-81f6-4451cf1233e0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-5687&lng=en
                Categories
                AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
                REHABILITATION

                Audiology,Physiotherapy
                Hearing,Hearing Disorders,Auditory Perception,Learning,Audição,Transtorno da Audição,Percepção Auditiva,Aprendizagem

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