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      Estado actual de la acuicultura de la Selva Peruana: caso Ucayali Translated title: Current status of aquaculture in the Peruvian rainforest: case of Ucayali

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características de la actividad acuícola del departamento de Ucayali. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 88 acuicultores de los distritos de Callería, Campoverde, Padre Abad y Neshuya. Los resultados muestran que el 73 % de los Centros Acuícolas son AREL, aunque el 78.4 % tienen un nivel de producción menor a 3.5 t. Los estanques son de tierra, predominando CA con 1-2 estanques (54.6 %). Solo el 22 % realizan análisis del agua una vez al mes. La densidad de siembra fue 1 pez/m2, usa 423 kg/ha de cal, menos de la cuarta parte de lo recomendado. Además, por al alto costo del alimento balanceado usan también alimento natural aumentando el tiempo de cultivo promedio en dos meses. Las especies que cultivan son gamitana y paco. Se concluye que en el departamento de Ucayali la producción acuícola está atomizada y tiene bajo nivel de tecnificación.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the characteristics of the aquaculture activity in the department of Ucayali. A questionnaire was applied to 88 fish farmers in the districts of Callería, Campoverde, Padre Abad and Neshuya. The results show that 73 % of the Aquaculture Centres are AREL, although 78.4 % have a production level of less than 3.5 t. The ponds are earthen, with a predominance of ponds in the area. The ponds are earthen ponds, predominantly CA with 1-2 ponds (54.6 %). Only 22 % have their water tested once a month. The stocking density was 1 fish/m2, using 423 kg/ha of lime, less than a quarter of what is recommended. In addition, due to the high cost of feed, they also use natural feed, increasing the average culture time by two months. The species they cultivate are gamitana and paco. It is concluded that aquaculture production in the department of Ucayali is atomised and has a low level of technification.

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          Most cited references38

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          Global Aquaculture Productivity, Environmental Sustainability, and Climate Change Adaptability

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            Patterns of commercial fish landings in the Loreto region (Peruvian Amazon) between 1984 and 2006.

            Patterns of commercial fish catches over the period from 1984 to 2006 were studied in the Loreto region and in Iquitos, which is the most important town of the region and the principal fish marketplace of the Peruvian Amazon. Despite important inter-annual variations, the overall fish landings have significantly increased in the region during this period. The same three species dominated the catches during the whole period (Prochilodus nigricans, Potamorhina altamazonica and Psectrogaster amazonica), making up about 62% of the catches. However, the number of species exploited by commercial fisheries increased considerably during the 22 years of this study (from about 21 species in 1984 to over 65 in 2006), although part of the difference may be accounted for by a better identification of individual species nowadays. At the same time, the large high-valued species, such as Arapaima gigas, Colossoma macropomum and Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, declined significantly and were replaced by smaller, short-lived and lower-valued species. Catches of the silver Arahuana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) also declined significantly during the studied period, strengthening recent warnings about the species' conservation status (Moreau and Coomes, Oryx 40:152-160, 2006). The relative proportions of the trophic groups (detritivores, omnivores and piscivores) remained relatively constant over the study period, but there were significant changes in the relative abundances of the species groups. The proportion of the dominant group, the Characiformes, which averaged about 81% of the catches, increased between 1984 and 2006, whereas the proportion of the Siluriformes and Perciformes remained constant. On the other hand, the proportion of Osteoglossiformes, represented only by two well known species (Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum), declined sharply during the same period. Important differences were observed between the landings of Iquitos and the landing of the whole Loreto region, indicating that conclusions drawn from the study of the Iquitos landings cannot be extrapolated to the whole landings of the Loreto region. The most important difference was the decreasing fish landings in Iquitos, whereas the total landings increased in the Loreto region at the same time. Potential causes of this phenomenon are discussed. Decreasing fish abundance around Iquitos (because of a higher fishing pressure) and a behavioural adaptation of fishermen to better law enforcement in Iquitos are likely explanations to be further investigated.
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              Aquaculture role in global food security with nutritional value: a review

              Abstract Food security is the main path to develop the socioeconomic status in any country in the world to defeat malnutrition. The present scenario in an under developed countries are still facing this problem. Hence the human nutrition deficiencies focus on the importance of animal protein in their regular diet. To overcome this problem, fisheries contribute a significant amount of animal protein to the diets of people worldwide. The aquatic animals are the highly nutritious and cheapest protein sources, which serves as a valuable supplement in diets by providing essential vitamins, proteins, micronutrients, and minerals, for the poor people. Aquaculture is playing a vital role in the developing countries in national economic development, and global food supply. Food and agricultural organization (FAO) declared that this aquaculture has the continuous potentiality to create a developmental goals for the country economy and better human welfare.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jsaas
                Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science
                J.Selva Andina Anim. Sci.
                Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science.; Fundación Selva Andina Research Society.; Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología. (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2311-3766
                2311-2581
                2022
                : 9
                : 2
                : 49-63
                Affiliations
                [4] Callao orgnameKOLAC. Latin America Ocean and Fisheries Cooperation Center Perú
                [1] Callao Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Callao orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería Pesquera y Alimentos orgdiv2Escuela de Posgrado Peru
                [2] Busan orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Pusan orgdiv1Centro de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo orgdiv2Instituto Marítimo de Corea Corea del Sur
                [3] Lima orgnameMinisterio de Producción del Perú orgdiv1Dirección de Promoción y Desarrollo Acuícola orgdiv2Dirección General de Acuicultura Peru
                Article
                S2311-25812022000200049 S2311-2581(22)00900200049
                10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200049
                ec33d58d-390f-43a4-bf16-5818b579b026

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2022
                : 01 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                Acuicultura amazónica,caracterización,productividad,acuicultor,Amazonian aquaculture,characterisation,productivity,aquaculturist

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