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      Cell-Free DNA in the Liquid Biopsy Context: Role and Differences Between ctDNA and CTC Marker in Cancer Management.

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          Abstract

          Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept to investigate the molecular features of solid tumors by blood, saliva, urine, and any other body fluids which show a source of potential biomarkers. In cancer patients, it is a simple and less invasive mean, representing a sustainable alternative to interrogate all tumor cells longitudinally, quantifying and characterizing the biological materials (DNAs, RNAs, proteins) which originate from cancer tissues. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis from a simple blood draw received enormous attention for the related clinical research results. A rich scientific literature demonstrates that liquid biopsy is a valid instrument to assess the tumor biomarkers in real time and profile the cancer genotype in diagnostic and prognostic field, as well to quantify minimal residual disease, during patient follow-up. This could be a breakthrough for a companion diagnostic and personalized medicine. Liquid biopsy needs further implementation in the methodological aspects as well as cost-based assessment. The number of new molecular diagnostic assays increases day by day, but the standards for their adoption and clinical validation are still to be achieved.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Methods Mol. Biol.
          Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
          Springer Nature
          1940-6029
          1064-3745
          2019
          : 1909
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy. pietro.fici@irst.emr.it.
          Article
          10.1007/978-1-4939-8973-7_4
          30580422
          ec53fe91-5ae2-40ad-9169-50d5113600ae
          History

          CTC,Circulating tumor DNA,Circulating tumor cells,Liquid biopsy,Methods,Minimal residual disease,ctDNA

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