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      Enhanced performance of all-organic sandwich structured dielectrics with linear dielectric and ferroelectric polymers

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          Abstract

          We develop advanced polymer capacitors for flexible electrostatic high temperature energy storage applications via designing all-organic sandwich structured films consisting of ferroelectric and linear dielectric polymers.

          Abstract

          Dielectric polymer materials have received increasing attention in the electronic and electrical industries, however, the miniaturization and intelligent applications of polymer capacitors are limited due to their low energy density. Recently, the construction of sandwich structured films provides a good pathway to improve the energy storage performance of dielectric polymers. In this research, all-organic sandwich structured dielectric polymer films consisting of linear dielectric and ferroelectric polymers are proposed and successfully made by simple layer-by-layer solution casting. Theoretically, the ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVTC) layer can enhance the dielectric displacement because of high dielectric constant, while the polyetherimide (PEI) layers can raise the operating temperature, owing to the high glass transition temperature, and increase the breakdown strength ( E b) and reduce the loss due to their linear characteristic. Therefore, a series of positive-sandwich structured films (with the central PVTC layer and the outer PEI layers), reverse-sandwich structured films and single-layered blend films are fabricated for optimization and comparison. The influence of the linear/ferroelectric volume ratio and the polymer film structure on the energy storage performance has been thoroughly researched. Experimental results showed that the all-organic positive-sandwich structured film with an optimized low content ratio of PVTC can endure a highest E b of 530 kV mm −1 and exhibits a maximum discharge energy density of 8.0 J cm −3, which was more than two times that of the pure PEI film. Furthermore, the efficiency was up to 81%. More importantly, it possesses excellent temperature stability of the dielectric and energy storage properties from 25 °C to 100 °C. This work provides theoretical analysis and experimental guidance for the fabrication of all-organic sandwich structured films with high energy storage performance, which promotes the development and application of flexible polymer high temperature dielectric capacitors.

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          Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites.

          Dielectric materials, which store energy electrostatically, are ubiquitous in advanced electronics and electric power systems. Compared to their ceramic counterparts, polymer dielectrics have higher breakdown strengths and greater reliability, are scalable, lightweight and can be shaped into intricate configurations, and are therefore an ideal choice for many power electronics, power conditioning, and pulsed power applications. However, polymer dielectrics are limited to relatively low working temperatures, and thus fail to meet the rising demand for electricity under the extreme conditions present in applications such as hybrid and electric vehicles, aerospace power electronics, and underground oil and gas exploration. Here we describe crosslinked polymer nanocomposites that contain boron nitride nanosheets, the dielectric properties of which are stable over a broad temperature and frequency range. The nanocomposites have outstanding high-voltage capacitive energy storage capabilities at record temperatures (a Weibull breakdown strength of 403 megavolts per metre and a discharged energy density of 1.8 joules per cubic centimetre at 250 degrees Celsius). Their electrical conduction is several orders of magnitude lower than that of existing polymers and their high operating temperatures are attributed to greatly improved thermal conductivity, owing to the presence of the boron nitride nanosheets, which improve heat dissipation compared to pristine polymers (which are inherently susceptible to thermal runaway). Moreover, the polymer nanocomposites are lightweight, photopatternable and mechanically flexible, and have been demonstrated to preserve excellent dielectric and capacitive performance after intensive bending cycles. These findings enable broader applications of organic materials in high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices.
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            Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects.

            Dielectric polymer nanocomposites are rapidly emerging as novel materials for a number of advanced engineering applications. In this Review, we present a comprehensive review of the use of ferroelectric polymers, especially PVDF and PVDF-based copolymers/blends as potential components in dielectric nanocomposite materials for high energy density capacitor applications. Various parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown strength, energy density, and flexibility of the polymer nanocomposites have been thoroughly investigated. Fillers with different shapes have been found to cause significant variation in the physical and electrical properties. Generally, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanofillers with large aspect ratios provide enhanced flexibility versus zero-dimensional fillers. Surface modification of nanomaterials as well as polymers adds flavor to the dielectric properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Nowadays, three-phase nanocomposites with either combination of fillers or polymer matrix help in further improving the dielectric properties as compared to two-phase nanocomposites. Recent research has been focused on altering the dielectric properties of different materials while also maintaining their superior flexibility. Flexible polymer nanocomposites are the best candidates for application in various fields. However, certain challenges still present, which can be solved only by extensive research in this field.
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              Homogeneous/Inhomogeneous-Structured Dielectrics and their Energy-Storage Performances.

              The demand for dielectric capacitors with higher energy-storage capability is increasing for power electronic devices due to the rapid development of electronic industry. Existing dielectrics for high-energy-storage capacitors and potential new capacitor technologies are reviewed toward realizing these goals. Various dielectric materials with desirable permittivity and dielectric breakdown strength potentially meeting the device requirements are discussed. However, some significant limitations for current dielectrics can be ascribed to their low permittivity, low breakdown strength, and high hysteresis loss, which will decrease their energy density and efficiency. Thus, the implementation of dielectric materials for high-energy-density applications requires the comprehensive understanding of both the materials design and processing. The optimization of high-energy-storage dielectrics will have far-reaching impacts on the sustainable energy and will be an important research topic in the near future.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                JMCAET
                Journal of Materials Chemistry A
                J. Mater. Chem. A
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-7488
                2050-7496
                April 6 2021
                2021
                : 9
                : 13
                : 8674-8684
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
                [2 ]College of Chemistry
                [3 ]Xiangtan University
                [4 ]Xiangtan
                [5 ]China
                [6 ]State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
                [7 ]Central South University
                [8 ]Changsha
                Article
                10.1039/D1TA00974E
                ec569466-0330-429d-a8b5-ecbf959b5144
                © 2021

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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