Bienestar psicológico y burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 Translated title: Psychological well-being and burnout in health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar a médicos/médicas y enfermeros/enfermeras respecto a su bienestar psicológico y burnout experimentado por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en México. Participaron 121 personas voluntarias, 56 médicos/médicas y 65 enfermeros/enfermeras, con un rango de edad de 22 a 67 años. Los resultados mostraron una baja prevalencia del síndrome de burnout. En bienestar psicológico, se encontraron diferencias por género, puntuando más alto los hombres que las mujeres en autoaceptación y propósito de vida. Respecto al sector donde se trabaja, los empleados del sector privado reportan mayor crecimiento personal, que los del sector público. En cuanto al burnout, se encontraron diferencias entre médicos/médicas y enfermeros/enfermeras en el factor despersonalización, puntuando más alto los médicos/médicas. En las comparaciones por sector, los que trabajan en un contexto privado reportaron mayores niveles de realización personal, que los pertenecientes a uno público. Comparaciones de grupo entre aquellos participantes contagiados por la COVID-19 en algún momento de la pandemia y los que no, mostraron que el grupo de contagio puntuó con mayor cansancio emocional y menor realización personal.

Translated abstract

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate physicians and nurses, men and women, in terms of their psychological well-being and burnout experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Participants included 121 volunteers, 56 physicians and 65 nurses, between the ages of 22 and 67. The results show a low prevalence of burnout syndrome. For psychological well-being, differences were found by gender, with men scoring higher in self-acceptanc and life purpos than women. As regards the sector of employment, employees in the private sector reported greater personal growth than those in the public sector. As to burnout, differences were found between physicians and nurses in the depersonalization factor, with physicians scoring higher. Comparisons by sector showed that those who work in a private context reported higher levels of personal fulfillment, than those that belong to a public one. Group comparisons between those participants who have had a COVID-19 infection at some point during the pandemic and those who have not, showed that the contagion group scored higher in emotional fatigue, and lower in personal fulfillment.