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      A non-invasive method for focusing ultrasound through the human skull.

      1 ,
      Physics in medicine and biology
      IOP Publishing

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          Abstract

          A technique for focusing ultrasound through the human skull is described and verified. The approach is based on a layered wavevector-frequency domain model, which propagates ultrasound from a hemisphere-shaped transducer through the skull using input from CT scans of the head. The algorithm calculates the driving phase of each transducer element in order to maximize the signal at the intended focus. This approach is tested on ten ex vivo human skulls using a 0.74 MHz, 320-element array. A stereotaxic reference frame is affixed to the skulls in order to provide accurate registration between the CT images and the transducer. The focal quality is assessed with a hydrophone placed inside the skull. In each trial the phase correction algorithm successfully restored the focus inside the skull at a location within 1 mm from the intended focal point. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the method for completely non-invasive ultrasound brain surgery and therapy.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Phys Med Biol
          Physics in medicine and biology
          IOP Publishing
          0031-9155
          0031-9155
          Apr 21 2002
          : 47
          : 8
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA.
          Article
          10.1088/0031-9155/47/8/301
          12030552
          ec882379-5322-4efe-8dbf-c273f1fc20bc
          History

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