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      The thalamus integrates the macrosystems of the brain to facilitate complex, adaptive brain network dynamics

      Progress in Neurobiology
      Elsevier BV

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          Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex.

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            Predictive coding in the visual cortex: a functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects.

            We describe a model of visual processing in which feedback connections from a higher- to a lower-order visual cortical area carry predictions of lower-level neural activities, whereas the feedforward connections carry the residual errors between the predictions and the actual lower-level activities. When exposed to natural images, a hierarchical network of model neurons implementing such a model developed simple-cell-like receptive fields. A subset of neurons responsible for carrying the residual errors showed endstopping and other extra-classical receptive-field effects. These results suggest that rather than being exclusively feedforward phenomena, nonclassical surround effects in the visual cortex may also result from cortico-cortical feedback as a consequence of the visual system using an efficient hierarchical strategy for encoding natural images.
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              Neuronal circuits of the neocortex.

              We explore the extent to which neocortical circuits generalize, i.e., to what extent can neocortical neurons and the circuits they form be considered as canonical? We find that, as has long been suspected by cortical neuroanatomists, the same basic laminar and tangential organization of the excitatory neurons of the neocortex is evident wherever it has been sought. Similarly, the inhibitory neurons show characteristic morphology and patterns of connections throughout the neocortex. We offer a simple model of cortical processing that is consistent with the major features of cortical circuits: The superficial layer neurons within local patches of cortex, and within areas, cooperate to explore all possible interpretations of different cortical input and cooperatively select an interpretation consistent with their various cortical and subcortical inputs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Progress in Neurobiology
                Progress in Neurobiology
                Elsevier BV
                03010082
                April 2021
                April 2021
                : 199
                : 101951
                Article
                10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101951
                33189781
                eca4aa75-d3db-4ba3-8e22-4c34266771df
                © 2021

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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