Myosin XI motors: back on the scene at the division machine

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Abu-Abied M, Belausov E, Hagay S, Peremyslov V, Dolja V, Sadot E. 2018. [Related article:]Myosin XI-K is involved in root organogenesis, polar auxin transport and cell division. Journal of Experimental Botany 69, 2869–2881.

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Lateral root formation and the multiple roles of auxin

Yujuan Du, Ben Scheres (2018)

Root systems can display variable architectures that contribute to survival strategies of plants. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a tap root system, in which the primary root and lateral roots (LRs) are major architectural determinants. The phytohormone auxin fulfils multiple roles throughout LR development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of four aspects of LR formation: (i) LR positioning, which determines the spatial distribution of lateral root primordia (LRP) and LRs along primary roots; (ii) LR initiation, encompassing the activation of nuclear migration in specified lateral root founder cells (LRFCs) up to the first asymmetric cell division; (iii) LR outgrowth, the 'primordium-intrinsic' patterning of de novo organ tissues and a meristem; and (iv) LR emergence, an interaction between LRP and overlaying tissues to allow passage through cell layers. We discuss how auxin signaling, embedded in a changing developmental context, plays important roles in all four phases. In addition, we discuss how rapid progress in gene network identification and analysis, modeling, and four-dimensional imaging techniques have led to an increasingly detailed understanding of the dynamic regulatory networks that control LR development.

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Plant Cytokinesis: Terminology for Structures and Processes.

Henrik Buschmann, Andrei Smertenko, Farhah Assaad … (2017)

Plant cytokinesis is orchestrated by a specialized structure, the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast first occurred in representatives of Charophyte algae and then became the main division apparatus in land plants. Major cellular activities, including cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicle trafficking, membrane assembly, and cell wall biosynthesis, cooperate in the phragmoplast under the guidance of a complex signaling network. Furthermore, the phragmoplast combines plant-specific features with the conserved cytokinetic processes of animals, fungi, and protists. As such, the phragmoplast represents a useful system for understanding both plant cell dynamics and the evolution of cytokinesis. We recognize that future research and knowledge transfer into other fields would benefit from standardized terminology. Here, we propose such a lexicon of terminology for specific structures and processes associated with plant cytokinesis.

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Class XI myosins are required for development, cell expansion, and F-Actin organization in Arabidopsis.

Valera Peremyslov, Alexey Prokhnevsky, Valerian Dolja (2010)

The actomyosin system is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Although F-actin is essential for cell growth and plant development, roles of the associated myosins are poorly understood. Using multiple gene knockouts in Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated functional profiles of five class XI myosins, XI-K, XI-1, XI-2, XI-B, and XI-I. Plants lacking three myosins XI showed stunted growth and delayed flowering, whereas elimination of four myosins further exacerbated these defects. Loss of myosins led to decreased leaf cell expansion, with the most severe defects observed in the larger leaf cells. Root hair length in myosin-deficient plants was reduced approximately 10-fold, with quadruple knockouts showing morphological abnormalities. It was also found that trafficking of Golgi and peroxisomes was entirely myosin dependent. Surprisingly, myosins were required for proper organization of F-actin and the associated endoplasmic reticulum networks, revealing a novel, architectural function of the class XI myosins. These results establish critical roles of myosin-driven transport and F-actin organization during polarized and diffuse cell growth and indicate that myosins are key factors in plant growth and development.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Exp Bot

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Exp. Bot

Journal ID (publisher-id): exbotj

Title: Journal of Experimental Botany

Publisher: Oxford University Press (UK )

ISSN (Print): 0022-0957

ISSN (Electronic): 1460-2431

Publication date (Print): 25 May 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 25 May 2018

Volume: 69

Issue: 12

Pages: 2863-2866

Affiliations

Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse, Osnabrück, Germany

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Correspondence: henrik.buschmann@ 123456biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de

Article

Publisher ID: ery143

DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery143

PMC ID: 5972558

PubMed ID: 29846674

SO-VID: eca7e347-6b50-4433-bd05-2f8cd5a9c4fb

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Myosin XI motors: back on the scene at the division machine

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Arabidopsis genomics

Most cited references 26

Lateral root formation and the multiple roles of auxin

Plant Cytokinesis: Terminology for Structures and Processes.

Class XI myosins are required for development, cell expansion, and F-Actin organization in Arabidopsis.

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