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      Tailor-made natural and synthetic grafts for precise urethral reconstruction

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          Abstract

          Injuries to the urethra can be caused by malformations, trauma, inflammation, or carcinoma, and reconstruction of the injured urethra is still a significant challenge in clinical urology. Implanting grafts for urethroplasty and end-to-end anastomosis are typical clinical interventions for urethral injury. However, complications and high recurrence rates remain unsatisfactory. To address this, urethral tissue engineering provides a promising modality for urethral repair. Additionally, developing tailor-made biomimetic natural and synthetic grafts is of great significance for urethral reconstruction. In this work, tailor-made biomimetic natural and synthetic grafts are divided into scaffold-free and scaffolded grafts according to their structures, and the influence of different graft structures on urethral reconstruction is discussed. In addition, future development and potential clinical application strategies of future urethral reconstruction grafts are predicted.

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          Core/shell nanoparticles: classes, properties, synthesis mechanisms, characterization, and applications.

          Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri, Santanu Paria (2012)
          Article 0 comments Cited 566 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Advancing biomaterials of human origin for tissue engineering.

            Fa-Ming Chen, Xiaohua Liu (2016)
            Biomaterials have played an increasingly prominent role in the success of biomedical devices and in the development of tissue engineering, which seeks to unlock the regenerative potential innate to human tissues/organs in a state of deterioration and to restore or reestablish normal bodily function. Advances in our understanding of regenerative biomaterials and their roles in new tissue formation can potentially open a new frontier in the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine. Taking inspiration from the role and multi-component construction of native extracellular matrices (ECMs) for cell accommodation, the synthetic biomaterials produced today routinely incorporate biologically active components to define an artificial in vivo milieu with complex and dynamic interactions that foster and regulate stem cells, similar to the events occurring in a natural cellular microenvironment. The range and degree of biomaterial sophistication have also dramatically increased as more knowledge has accumulated through materials science, matrix biology and tissue engineering. However, achieving clinical translation and commercial success requires regenerative biomaterials to be not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient for use and production. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin as building blocks for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural tissue with regard to its physical and chemical properties for the orchestration of wound healing and tissue regeneration. In addition to directly using tissue transfers and transplants for repair, new applications of human-derived biomaterials are now focusing on the use of naturally occurring biomacromolecules, decellularized ECM scaffolds and autologous preparations rich in growth factors/non-expanded stem cells to either target acceleration/magnification of the body's own repair capacity or use nature's paradigms to create new tissues for restoration. In particular, there is increasing interest in separating ECMs into simplified functional domains and/or biopolymeric assemblies so that these components/constituents can be discretely exploited and manipulated for the production of bioscaffolds and new biomimetic biomaterials. Here, following an overview of tissue auto-/allo-transplantation, we discuss the recent trends and advances as well as the challenges and future directions in the evolution and application of human-derived biomaterials for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering. In particular, we focus on an exploration of the structural, mechanical, biochemical and biological information present in native human tissue for bioengineering applications and to provide inspiration for the design of future biomaterials.
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              Conducting Polymers for Tissue Engineering

              Peter Ma, Baolin Guo (2018)
              Electrically conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and their derivatives (mainly aniline oligomer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) with good biocompatibility find wide applications in biomedical fields including bioactuators, biosensors, neural implants, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on these conductive polymers for tissue engineering applications. Conductive polymers exhibit promising conductivity as bioactive scaffolds for tissue regeneration, and their conductive nature allows cells or tissue cultured on them to be stimulated by electrical signals. However, their mechanical brittleness and poor processability restrict their application. Therefore, conductive polymeric composites based on conductive polymers and biocompatible biodegradable polymers (natural or synthetic) were developed. The major objective of this review is to summarize the conductive biomaterials used in tissue engineering including conductive composite films, conductive nanofibers, conductive hydrogels, and conductive composite scaffolds fabricated by various methods such as electrospinning, coating, or deposition by in situ polymerization. Furthermore, recent progress in tissue engineering applications using these conductive biomaterials including bone tissue engineering, muscle tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, cardiac tissue engineering, and wound healing application are discussed in detail.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yazhao Hong: hongyzjsph@163.com
                Xiaoqing Wang: wangxiaoq@jlu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology
                Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 August 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 31 August 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 20
                Electronic Location Identifier: 392
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.430605.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1758 4110, Department of Urology, , The First Hospital of Jilin University, ; 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061 People’s Republic Of China
                [2 ]GRID grid.452829.0, ISNI 0000000417660726, Department of Orthopedics, , The Second Hospital of Jilin University, ; 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041 People’s Republic Of China
                [3 ]GRID grid.412676.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1799 0784, Department of Pediatric Surgery, , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, ; 300 Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic Of China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1599
                DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01599-z
                PMC ID: 9429763
                PubMed ID: 36045428
                SO-VID: eccec026-2ff8-4de5-ba54-a30da8ca97bb
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 7 February 2022
                Date accepted : 13 August 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: natural graft,synthetic graft,biomimetic structure,tissue engineering,precise urethral reconstruction
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: natural graft, synthetic graft, biomimetic structure, tissue engineering, precise urethral reconstruction

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