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      Construyendo la semiología de la COVID-19: los sabios ciegos y el elefante Translated title: Building COVID-19’s semiology: the blind men and the elephant

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Construir entre pacientes y profesionales la semiología de la COVID-19 leve y moderada atendida en atención primaria.

          Método: Investigación cualitativa con enfoque teórico fenomenológico, desde un marco teórico de justicia epistémica, realizada en Cataluña, en el ámbito de la atención primaria, durante la primera ola de la pandemia (abril-mayo de 2020). Participaron 15 pacientes y 9 profesionales. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas telefónicas semiestructuradas a pacientes con COVID-19 confirmada con prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y seguidas en atención primaria, y por las descripciones narrativas semiestructuradas de profesionales. Los datos fueron triangulados por las autoras.

          Resultados: Se describen los síntomas más frecuentes (fiebre, tos, disnea, cansancio, inapetencia, dolor muscular y articular, y síntomas de vías respiratorias altas) siguiendo la descripción de las personas afectadas y los síntomas que más preocupan. Se analizan las dudas sobre los síntomas y la temporalidad de la semiología.

          Conclusiones: Los protocolos oficiales deberían incluir el cansancio, la inapetencia, el dolor muscular y articular, y los síntomas de vías respiratorias altas, como manifestaciones frecuentes de la COVID-19, atendiendo al relato de las pacientes. Estos síntomas pueden pasar desapercibidos en las pacientes y para las profesionales puede suponer un retraso en la detección de la enfermedad y el estudio de contactos. Es necesario obtener una descripción detallada de los síntomas y evitar traducirlos a términos médicos preestablecidos, pues con su significado sustituyen e invisibilizan la narración de los pacientes, vuelven a los profesionales sordos y ciegos ante una nueva enfermedad, y dificultan la creación de un relato.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: Construction of mild and moderate COVID-19’s semiology between patients and professionals in primary care.

          Method: Qualitative investigation in a phenomenological theorical frame, from an epistemic justice position, settled in Catalonia, primary care settings, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). 15 patients and 9 professionals participated. Data collection was done through semi-structured phone interviews to patients with a microbiological confirmed diagnostic of COVID-19 and followed at primary care and semi-structured narratives of professionals. Data were triangled by the three authors.

          Results: We described the most common symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscular and joint pain, and high airways symptoms), those that worry them the most, hesitancy about symptoms and semiology’s temporality according to the descriptions done by patients.

          Conclusions: Official protocols should include other symptoms as fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle and joint aches and high airways symptoms as frequent symptoms of COVID-19 attending to the stories of patients. Those unspecified symptoms can be unnoticed by patients and professionals and can delay the detection of disease and the contact tracing in primary care. It is necessary to obtain a detailed description of the symptoms and avoid translating them into pre-established medical terms that with their meaning substitute and make the patients’ report invisible, turning professionals deaf and blind to a new disease and making more difficult for them to build the narration of disease.

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          Symptom clusters in COVID-19: A potential clinical prediction tool from the COVID Symptom Study app

          Longitudinal clustering of symptoms can predict the need for respiratory support in severe COVID-19.
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            Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona

            Background In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and setting Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. Method Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. Results We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged ≥ 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts.
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              COVID-19 Can Last for Several Months

              E. Yong, E YONG (2020)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Gac Sanit
                Gac Sanit
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.
                0213-9111
                1578-1283
                3 February 2022
                3 February 2022
                Affiliations
                [a ]Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Atención Primaria Les Indianes, Institut Català de la Salut, Montcada i Reixac, Barcelona, España
                [b ]Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Atención Primaria La Pau, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España
                [c ]Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Atención Primaria Besòs, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España
                [d ]Medicina Familiar, Barcelona, España
                Author notes
                [* ]Autora para correspondencia.
                Article
                S0213-9111(22)00001-2
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.12.004
                8810389
                35606199
                ecd0761e-8928-4677-89de-6f65079f1451
                © 2022 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 1 May 2021
                : 22 December 2021
                Categories
                Original

                paciente,atención primaria,síntomas,covid-19,conocimiento,patient,primary care,symptoms,knowledge

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