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      In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of saponin-enriched fraction from Agave brittoniana Trel subspecie brachypus Translated title: Efecto antiinflamatorio in vivo de fracción enriquecida de saponinas de Agave brittoniana Trel subespecie brachypus

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Agave brittoniana Trel species. subsp. brachypus is characterized by its high content of steroidal saponins and these metabolites have anti-inflammatory properties. However, no previous studies indicate that extracts rich in saponins from this species have anti-inflammatory effect in vivo models. Method: Steroidal saponins in n-butanolic extract were obtained from a hydroalcoholic extract of Agave brittoniana. Phytochemical studies were used to verify the saponins presence. Doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were used in the acute model of edema induced by carrageenan and in the chronic model of cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Five groups of six male Sprague-Dawley rats each were designed by each in vivo study: three groups for saponin-enriched fraction at different doses, a normal control group and a positive control, which was treated with indomethacin. The inhibition percentage of the inflammatory reaction was the major answer variable. Results: The acute model of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema indicated that the groups corresponding to the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of saponin-enriched fraction showed the highest percentages of inhibition, after three hours of treatment. According to the chronic model results, saponins-enriched butanolic extract showed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the dry weight of the granuloma and increasing the inhibition percentage. Conclusions: Saponin-enriched fraction from Agave brittoniana T. subsp. brachypus, have an anti-inflammatory effect in acute and chronic experimental models.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La especie Agave brittoniana Trel. subsp. brachypus se caracteriza por su alto contenido de saponinas esteroidales y estos metabolitos presentan propiedades antiinflamatorias. Sin embargo, ningún estudio previo señala que extractos ricos en saponinas de esta especie tienen efecto antiinflamatorio en modelos in vivo. Método: Saponinas esteroidales extraídas en n-butanólico fueron obtenidas a partir de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Agave brittoniana. Estudios fitoquímicos se usaron para corroborar la presencia de saponinas. Dosis de 25, 50 y 100 mg/kg fueron usadas en el modelo agudo de edema inducido por carragenina y en el modelo crónico de granuloma inducido por pellet de algodón. Se diseñaron cinco grupos de seis ratas machos Sprague-Dawley cada uno: tres grupos para la fracción enriquecida de saponinas a las diferentes dosis, un grupo control normal y un control positivo, el cual fue tratado con indometacina. El porcentaje de inhibición de la reacción inflamatoria fue la principal variable respuesta. Resultados: El modelo agudo de edema plantar inducido por carragenina reveló que las dosis de 50 y 100 mg/kg de la fracción enriquecida de saponinas mostraron los mayores porcentajes de inhibición, después de tres horas de tratamiento. Según los resultados del modelo crónico, el extracto butanólico enriquecido con saponinas mostró actividad antiinflamatoria por reducción del peso seco del granuloma e incremento del porcentaje de inhibición. Conclusiones: La fracción enriquecida de saponinas de Agave brittoniana T. subsp. brachypus, tiene un efecto antiinflammatorio en modelos experimentales agudo y crónico.

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          Corticosteroids: Mechanisms of Action in Health and Disease.

          Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones that regulate a variety of physiologic processes and are essential for life. The actions of glucocorticoids are predominantly mediated through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GRs are expressed throughout the body, but there is considerable heterogeneity in glucocorticoid sensitivity and biologic responses across tissues. The conventional belief that glucocorticoids act through a single GR protein has changed dramatically with the discovery of a diverse collection of receptor isoforms. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucocorticoid actions, highlights the dynamic nature of hormone signaling, and discusses the molecular properties of the GR isoforms.
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            A study of the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of ellagic acid in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats

            Objectives: Ellagic acid (EA) has shown antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzymes and also cytokines play a key role in many inflammatory conditions. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model was used for induction of inflammation. Results: The results showed that intraplantar injection of carrageenan led to time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, which resulted in a significant increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) β, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and also iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in inflamed paw. However, systemic administration of EA (1–30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) could reduce edema in a dose-dependent fashion in inflamed rat paws with ED50 value 8.41 (5.26–14.76) mg/kg. It decreased the serum concentration of NO, PGE2, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and suppress the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 enzymes, and attenuated the formation of PGE2, TNF-α and IL-1 β in inflamed paw tissue. We also demonstrated that EA significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver at 5 h after carrageenan injection. Moreover, histopathological studies indicated that EA significantly diminished migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into site of inflammation, as did indomethacin. Conclusions: Collectively, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EA might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA, iNOS, and COX-2 in the edema paw via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1 β), NO and PGE2 overproduction.
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              The gastrointestinal behavior of saponins and its significance for their bioavailability and bioactivities

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ars
                Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)
                Ars Pharm
                Universidad de Granada (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                2340-9894
                December 2020
                : 61
                : 4
                : 231-237
                Affiliations
                [3] Santa Clara VC orgnameUniversidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas orgdiv1Facultad de Química-Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Química Cuba
                [2] Santa Clara VC orgnameUniversidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas orgdiv1Facultad de Química-Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Farmacia Cuba
                [1] Santa Clara VC orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara orgdiv1Unidad de Toxicología Experimental Cuba
                Article
                S2340-98942020000400005 S2340-9894(20)06100400005
                10.30827/ars.v61i4.15352
                ecdf9e0f-4335-4533-b635-a96ff30a0c43

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 May 2020
                : 15 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Articles

                saponinas,anti-inflammatory,carrageenan,Agave,saponins,granuloma,antiinflamatorio,carragenina

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