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      Factors associated with family, school and behavioral characteristics on sexual initiation: A gender analysis for Brazilian adolescents

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. The article aims to study the individual, family and school characteristics of adolescents beginning their sexual lives. The database we used was the 2015 PeNSE (National Adolescent School-based Health Survey) and the methodology was the survival analysis. The results show that boys initiate sexual activity before girls and risky behaviors associated with the use of licit and illicit drugs increase the chance of having early sex. In addition, this work highlights the importance of parental practices in reducing the chances of beginning sexual activity, as well as the presence of school workshops on the risks of pregnancy. It should be noted that intervention strategies need to be differentiated according to gender in order to increase effectiveness.

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          Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective.

          Kaye Wellings, Martine Collumbien, Emma Slaymaker … (2006)
          Research aimed at investigating sexual behaviour and assessing interventions to improve sexual health has increased in recent decades. The resulting data, despite regional differences in quantity and quality, provide a historically unique opportunity to describe patterns of sexual behaviour and their implications for attempts to protect sexual health at the beginning of the 21st century. In this paper we present original analyses of sexual behaviour data from 59 countries for which they were available. The data show substantial diversity in sexual behaviour by region and sex. No universal trend towards earlier sexual intercourse has occurred, but the shift towards later marriage in most countries has led to an increase in premarital sex, the prevalence of which is generally higher in developed countries than in developing countries, and is higher in men than in women. Monogamy is the dominant pattern everywhere, but having had two or more sexual partners in the past year is more common in men than in women, and reported rates are higher in industrialised than in non-industrialised countries. Condom use has increased in prevalence almost everywhere, but rates remain low in many developing countries. The huge regional variation indicates mainly social and economic determinants of sexual behaviour, which have implications for intervention. Although individual behaviour change is central to improving sexual health, efforts are also needed to address the broader determinants of sexual behaviour, particularly those that relate to the social context. The evidence from behavioural interventions is that no general approach to sexual-health promotion will work everywhere and no single-component intervention will work anywhere. Comprehensive behavioural interventions are needed that take account of the social context in mounting individual-level programmes, attempt to modify social norms to support uptake and maintenance of behaviour change, and tackle the structural factors that contribute to risky sexual behaviour.
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            Six Dimensions of Parenting: A Motivational Model

            Ellen A. Skinner, Sandy Johnson, Tatiana Snyder (2005)
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              HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Brazil: results of the 2nd national survey using respondent-driven sampling

              Ligia Kerr, Carl Kendall, Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães … (2018)
              Abstract This paper reports human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the 2nd National Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 12 cities in Brazil using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Following formative research, RDS was applied in 12 cities in the 5 macroregions of Brazil between June and December 2016 to recruit MSM for BBSS. The target sample size was 350 per city. Five to 6 seeds were initially selected to initiate recruitment and coupons and interviews were managed online. On-site rapid testing was used for HIV screening, and confirmed by a 2nd test. Participants were weighted using Gile estimator. Data from all 12 cities were merged and analyzed with Stata 14.0 complex survey data analysis tools in which each city was treated as its own strata. Missing data for those who did not test were imputed HIV+ if they reported testing positive before and were taking antiretroviral therapy. A total of 4176 men were recruited in the 12 cities. The average time to completion was 10.2 weeks. The longest chain length varied from 8 to 21 waves. The sample size was achieved in all but 2 cities. A total of 3958 of the 4176 respondents agreed to test for HIV (90.2%). For results without imputation, 17.5% (95%CI: 14.7–20.7) of our sample was HIV positive. With imputation, 18.4% (95%CI: 15.4–21.7) were seropositive. HIV prevalence increased beyond expectations from the results of the 2009 survey (12.1%; 95%CI: 10.0–14.5) to 18.4%; CI95%: 15.4 to 21.7 in 2016. This increase accompanies Brazil's focus on the treatment to prevention strategy, and a decrease in support for community-based organizations and community prevention programs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marco Túlio Aniceto França: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Gustavo Saraiva Frio:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-312X
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Andrew R. Dalby: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 December 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0208542
                Affiliations
                [001]Departament of Economics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
                University of Westminster, UNITED KINGDOM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-312X
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-18-23052
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208542
                PMC ID: 6287818
                PubMed ID: 30532164
                SO-VID: ecebd81b-5fe1-4fb6-9d5c-38b4f4fb8353
                Copyright © © 2018 França, Frio
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 15 August 2018
                Date accepted : 19 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Pages: 16
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Education
                Subject: Schools
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Reproductive Physiology
                Subject: Copulation
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Reproductive Physiology
                Subject: Copulation
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Mothers
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Human Sexual Behavior
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Human Sexual Behavior
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Women's Health
                Subject: Maternal Health
                Subject: Pregnancy
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Women's Health
                Subject: Obstetrics and Gynecology
                Subject: Pregnancy
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Fathers
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics): https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/populacao/pense/2015/default_microdados.shtm.

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                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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