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      Perceived behavioural predictors of late initiation to HIV/AIDS care in Gurage zone public health facilities: a cohort study using health belief model

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The study was aimed to measure incidence density rate and identify perceived behavioural believes of late initiation to HIV/AIDS care in Gurage zone public health facilities from September 2015 to November 2016.

          Results

          The incidence density rates of late initiation to HIV/AIDS care were 2.21 per 100 person-months of observation. HIV positive individuals who did not perceived susceptibility were 8.46 times more likely delay to start HIV/AIDS care than their counter parts [OR = 8.46 (95% CI 3.92, 18.26)]. HIV infected individuals who did not perceived severity of delayed ART initiation were 6.13 time more likely to delay than HIV infected individuals who perceived its severity [OR = 6.13 (95% CI 2.95, 12.73)]. HIV positive individuals who didn’t have self-efficacy were 2.35 times more likely delay to start HIV/AIDS care than HIV positive individuals who have self-efficacy [OR = 2.35 (95% CI 1.09, 5.05)].

          Conclusions

          The study revealed that high incidence density rates of delayed initiation for HIV care and variations were explained by poor wealth, and perceived threat and benefit. Therefore, interventions should be designed to initiate care at their diagnosis time.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3408-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references25

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          SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test

          Brian O'Connor (2000)
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            Highly active antiretroviral treatment for the prevention of HIV transmission

            Reuben Granich, Siobhan Crowley, Marco Vitoria … (2010)
            In 2007 an estimated 33 million people were living with HIV; 67% resided in sub-Saharan Africa, with 35% in eight countries alone. In 2007, there were about 1.4 million HIV-positive tuberculosis cases. Globally, approximately 4 million people had been given highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) by the end of 2008, but in 2007, an estimated 6.7 million were still in need of HAART and 2.7 million more became infected with HIV. Although there has been unprecedented investment in confronting HIV/AIDS - the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimates $13.8 billion was spent in 2008 - a key challenge is how to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic given limited and potentially shrinking resources. Economic disparities may further exacerbate human rights issues and widen the increasingly divergent approaches to HIV prevention, care and treatment. HIV transmission only occurs from people with HIV, and viral load is the single greatest risk factor for all modes of transmission. HAART can lower viral load to nearly undetectable levels. Prevention of mother to child transmission offers proof of the concept of HAART interrupting transmission, and observational studies and previous modelling work support using HAART for prevention. Although knowing one's HIV status is key for prevention efforts, it is not known with certainty when to start HAART. Building on previous modelling work, we used an HIV/AIDS epidemic of South African intensity to explore the impact of testing all adults annually and starting persons on HAART immediately after they are diagnosed as HIV positive. This theoretical strategy would reduce annual HIV incidence and mortality to less than one case per 1000 people within 10 years and it would reduce the prevalence of HIV to less than 1% within 50 years. To explore HAART as a prevention strategy, we recommend further discussions to explore human rights and ethical considerations, clarify research priorities and review feasibility and acceptability issues.
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              Late diagnosis of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: consequences for AIDS incidence.

              Luis Marcos de Medeiros Guerra, Paz Sobrino-Vegas, Jesús Castilla … (2002)
              To assess the repercussion of late diagnosis of HIV infection on AIDS incidence in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Analysis of AIDS surveillance data. Spain. AIDS cases reported from 1994 though 2000. Late testers were defined as persons who had a first positive HIV test in the month of or immediately preceding AIDS diagnosis. Their incidence trend was compared against that for the remaining cases, and the influence of demographic factors evaluated. Of 30 778 AIDS cases, 8499 (28%) were late testers, and of these, 1061 (12%) died within 3 months of diagnosis of HIV infection. From 1995 to 2000, AIDS diagnoses declined by 36% among late testers versus 67% for the remainder (P < 0.001). The percentage of late testers increased from 24% in 1994-1996 to 35% in 1998-2000 (P < 0.001). Among the 7825 AIDS cases diagnosed in 1998-2000, late testing was independently associated (P < 0.01) with male sex, age over 44 years, residence in provinces with a lower AIDS incidence, foreign origin, and no record of injecting drug use or prison stay. A growing proportion of AIDS cases involves late diagnosis of HIV infection. Persons who are unaware of their HIV infection cannot benefit from antiretroviral therapy and, hence, early diagnosis would strengthen the impact of such therapy and so reduce AIDS incidence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Teklemichael Gebru: teklemichaelgebru@gmail.com
                Kifle Lentiro: getkifl2@gmail.com
                Abdulewhab Jemal: abdu.jemal@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes
                Title: BMC Research Notes
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 May 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 May 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 336
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4914 796X, GRID grid.472465.6, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, , Wolkite University, ; Wolkite, Ethiopia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4914 796X, GRID grid.472465.6, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, , Wolkite University, ; Wolkite, Ethiopia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3408
                DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3408-4
                PMC ID: 5964917
                PubMed ID: 29789010
                SO-VID: ecec59aa-886a-48c7-96be-b6cffd55b297
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2018
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 30 October 2017
                Date accepted : 7 May 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Research Note
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: perceived behaviour,late initiation,hiv/aids care
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: perceived behaviour, late initiation, hiv/aids care

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