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      Cuidados paliativos e a atenção primária à saúde: scoping review Translated title: Palliative care and primary health care: scoping review Translated title: Los cuidados paliativos y la atención primaria de salud:scoping review

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          Abstract

          Resumo O envelhecimento da população aumentou a incidência de doenças crônicas, demandando a inserção dos cuidados paliativos (CP) em diferentes níveis da rede, incluindo a atenção primária à saúde (APS). Isso poderá interferir nas questões éticas da APS. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar, na visão dos profissionais de saúde, os problemas éticos decorrentes da prática dos CP na APS. Fez-se revisão sistemática nas bases PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, CINAHL, com os descritores “ética”, “bioética”, “atenção primária à saúde” e “cuidados paliativos”. Localizaram-se 3.915 artigos, restando 16, após a análise. Os problemas éticos detectados foram: escassez de recursos; desconhecimento sobre CP; falta de habilidades comunicacionais; dificuldade de estabelecer limites na relação clínica; sobrecarga de trabalho; falta de apoio dos serviços de referência. Na abrangência, esses problemas assemelham-se aos vividos na APS, com diferenças nas situações específicas. Para incorporar os CP na APS, são necessárias normatizações e formação específicas, além da cultura do cuidado compartilhado e corresponsável.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The ageing population has increased the incidence of chronic health conditions, requiring the inclusion of different levels of palliative care (PC) in different parts of the health system, including the Primary Health Care (PHC). This new reality might interfere with the ethical issues of PHC. This research aimed to identify, from the point of view of health professionals, the ethical problems which arise from the palliative care in PHC. We carried out a systematic review in PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, using the descriptors ‘ethics’, ‘bioethic’s, ‘Primary Health Care’ and ‘Palliative Care’. We found 3,915 articles of which 16 remained after analyses. The ethical problems found were: lack of resources; lack of knowledge about palliative care; lack of communication skills; difficulty in establishing limits in clinical relationship; work overload; lack of support from referral services. These problems, in general are similar to those experienced in the PHC but with differences in specific situations. The incorporation of palliative care to the Primary Health Care specific guidelines and training as well as the custom of shared and co-responsible care.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen El envejecimiento poblacional aumentó las enfermedades crónicas, planteando la inclusión de diferentes niveles de cuidados paliativos (CP) en la red sanitaria, incluyendo la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Esto puede interferir con la ética de la APS. Nuestra investigación objetivó identificar, según los profesionales, cuales son los problemas éticos de los CP en la APS. La revisión sistemática en PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, con descriptores “ética”, “bioética”, “Atención Primaria de Salud” y “Cuidados Paliativos”, identificó 3.915 artículos, restando 16, después del análisis. Los problemas éticos fueron: falta de recursos; desconocimiento en CP; falta de habilidades comunicacionales; dificultad con los límites de la relación clínica; sobrecarga de trabajo; insuficiente soporte de servicios de referencia. En general, los problemas se asemejan a los experimentados en la APS, con las peculiaridades de situaciones más específicas. La incorporación del CP en la APS requiere: directrices y formación específicas; cultura de la atención compartida y corresponsabilidad.

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          Most cited references29

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          Plano de ações estratégicas para o enfrentamento das doenáas crônicas nãoo transmissíveis (DCNT) no Brasil 2011-2022

          (2011)
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            O cuidado às condições crônicas na atenção primária à saúde: o imperative da consolidação da estratégia saúde da família

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              Attitudes and barriers to involvement in palliative care by Australian urban general practitioners.

              Despite being ideally placed to provide care to patients with terminal illness, many general practitioners (GPs) are not involved in palliative care. This study aimed to determine the level of participation of Australian urban GPs in palliative care, and to determine the main barriers facing them in providing this care. Cross-sectional postal survey. Between March and May 2007 a random sample of 500 GPs from southwestern and northern regions of Sydney were surveyed. Involvement in palliative care; personal and professional characteristics of the GPs related to the provision of palliative care; GPs' views on barriers to their involvement in palliative care; GPs' confidence levels across different issues in palliative medicine. Response rate was 61% and of these 25% of GPs were not involved in palliative care. GPs not providing palliative care were more likely to be younger, have less GP experience, work less hours, be an employee rather than a practice owner, and educated overseas. Main barriers to GPs' involvement in palliative care were lack of interest and knowledge, home visits, problems with after-hours care due to family and personal commitments. GPs felt least confident about psychosocial problems and technical aspects of palliative medicine. About one quarter of GPs surveyed are not involved in palliative care. Strategies to increase GPs' involvement should aim at increasing their knowledge and interest in palliative care. Innovations in service provider models are required to overcome the barriers to provision of after-hours care.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bioet
                Revista Bioética
                Rev. Bioét.
                Conselho Federal de Medicina (Brasília )
                1983-8034
                December 2015
                : 23
                : 3
                : 593-607
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1983-80422015000300593
                10.1590/1983-80422015233096
                ecefd9b7-519e-437e-ad08-f2a95f2f5b99

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1983-8042&lng=en
                Categories
                ETHICS
                MEDICAL ETHICS

                General medicine,Ethics
                Palliative Care,Chronic Disease,Primary Health Care,End-of-life,Bioethics,Ethics,Cuidados Paliativos,Enfermedad Crónica,Atención Primaria de Salud,Fin de la vida,Bioética,Ética,Cuidados paliativos,Doença crônica,Atenção primária à saúde,Terminalidade de vida

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