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      Resistance of Aedes aegypti to temephos and adaptive disadvantages Translated title: PResistência de Aedes aegypti ao temefós e desvantagens adaptativas

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE

          To evaluate the resistance of Aedes aegypti to temephos Fersol 1G (temephos 1% w/w) associated with the adaptive disadvantage of insect populations in the absence of selection pressure.

          METHODS

          A diagnostic dose of 0.28 mg a.i./L and doses between 0.28 mg a.i./L and 1.40 mg a.i./L were used. Vector populations collected between 2007 and 2008 in the city of Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, were evaluated. To evaluate competition in the absence of selection pressure, insect populations with initial frequencies of 20.0%, 40.0%, 60.0%, and 80.0% resistant individuals were produced and subjected to the diagnostic dose for two months. Evaluation of the development of aquatic and adult stages allowed comparison of the life cycles in susceptible and resistant populations and construction of fertility life tables.

          RESULTS

          No mortality was observed in Ae. aegypti populations subjected to the diagnostic dose of 0.28 mg a.i./L. The decreased mortality observed in populations containing 20.0%, 40.0%, 60.0%, and 80.0% resistant insects indicates that temephos resistance is unstable in the absence of selection pressure. A comparison of the life cycles indicated differences in the duration and viability of the larval phase, but no differences were observed in embryo development, sex ratio, adult longevity, and number of eggs per female.

          CONCLUSIONS

          The fertility life table results indicated that some populations had reproductive disadvantages compared with the susceptible population in the absence of selection pressure, indicating the presence of a fitness cost in populations resistant to temephos.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO

          Avaliar a resistência de Aedes aegypti ao temefós Fersol 1G (temefós 1% p/p) quanto à desvantagem adaptativa ao inseto, na ausência de pressão de seleção.

          MÉTODOS

          Foi aplicada a dose diagnóstica de 0,28 mg i.a/L e concentrações entre 0,28 mg i.a/L e 1,4 mg i.a/L. Foram avaliadas amostras do vetor coletadas no município de Campina Grande entre 2007 e 2008, no estado da Paraíba. Para avaliar a competição na ausência de pressão de seleção, foram constituídos grupos de insetos com frequências iniciais de 20,0%, 40,0%, 60,0% e 80,0% de insetos resistentes, submetendo-os a dose diagnóstica por dois meses. Os ciclos de vida das populações suscetível e resistentes foram comparados avaliando-se as fases de desenvolvimento aquática e adulta, construindo-se tabelas de vida de fertilidade.

          RESULTADOS

          Não foram verificadas mortalidades nas populações de Ae. aegypti quando submetidas à dose diagnóstica de 0,28 mg i.a./L. A diminuição da mortalidade nas populações com 20,0%, 40,0%, 60,0% e 80,0% de indivíduos resistentes indica que a resistência ao temefós é instável na ausência de pressão de seleção. A comparação do ciclo de vida mostrou diferenças na duração da fase e viabilidade larval, mas não quanto ao desenvolvimento embrionário, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos e número de ovos/fêmea.

          CONCLUSÕES

          Pelos parâmetros da tabela de vida de fertilidade constatou-se que algumas populações apresentaram desvantagens reprodutivas em relação à população suscetível na ausência de pressão de seleção, havendo custo adaptativo resultante da resistência ao temefós.

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          Most cited references91

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          Ecological genetics of insecticide and acaricide resistance.

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            [Critical aspects of dengue control in Brazil].

            Dengue is now the main reemerging disease in the world. In the absence of an efficacious preventive vaccine and effective etiologic treatment and chemoprophylaxis, the only vulnerable link for reducing dengue transmission is the mosquito Aedes aegypti, its principal vector. There are many difficulties in combating this mosquito in large and medium-sized cities. The complexity of contemporary urban life generates factors that facilitate the mosquito's proliferation and constraints on the reduction of its infestation rates. The objectives of dengue control should be based on available scientific and technical knowledge. Thus, while it is not possible to avoid dengue in areas infested with A. aegypti, it is possible to prevent major epidemics by improving epidemiological surveillance, and it is both possible and feasible to reduce the disease's case fatality from the current 5 to 6% to some 1% in the severe forms. The elaboration and execution of strategic plans for the organization of medical care for suspected dengue cases have proven to be a highly useful instrument to reduce case fatality both in other countries and in some cities of Brazil.
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              The Molecular Genetics of Resistance: Resistance as a Response to Stress

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Saude Publica
                Rev Saude Publica
                Revista de Saúde Pública
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo
                0034-8910
                1518-8787
                October 2014
                : 48
                : 5
                : 775-782
                Affiliations
                [I ] Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
                [II ] Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
                Author notes
                [Correspondence ]: Morgana M. C. de S. L. Diniz. Rua Dr. Laerte Setubal, 610 apto. 704 Morumbi 05665-010 São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: morganac.diniz@ 123456gmail.com

                The authors declare no conflict of interest.

                Article
                10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048004649
                4211579
                25372168
                ecf230f1-a2b2-4201-9935-f3a85f5235c0

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 21 November 2012
                : 25 May 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 6, References: 21, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Original Articles

                aedes, growth & development,temefos, toxicity,insecticide resistance,insect control,dengue, prevention & control

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