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      60 Years After Brown: Trends and Consequences of School Segregation

        1 , 2
      Annual Review of Sociology
      Annual Reviews

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          Abstract

          Since the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, researchers and policy makers have paid close attention to trends in school segregation. Here we review the evidence regarding trends and consequences of both racial and economic school segregation since Brown. The evidence suggests that the most significant declines in black-white school segregation occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. There is disagreement about the direction of more recent trends in racial segregation, largely driven by how one defines and measures segregation. Depending on the definition used, segregation has either increased substantially or changed little, although there are important differences in the trends across regions, racial groups, and institutional levels. Limited evidence on school economic segregation makes documenting trends difficult, but students appear to be more segregated by income across schools and districts today than in 1990. We also discuss the role of desegregation litigation, demographic changes, and residential segregation in shaping trends in both racial and economic segregation. We develop a general conceptual model of how and why school segregation might affect students and review the relatively thin body of empirical evidence that explicitly assesses the consequences of school segregation. We conclude with a discussion of aspects of school segregation on which further research is needed.

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          A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes

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            The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation

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              Race, School Integration, and Friendship Segregation in America

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annual Review of Sociology
                Annu. Rev. Sociol.
                Annual Reviews
                0360-0572
                1545-2115
                July 30 2014
                July 30 2014
                : 40
                : 1
                : 199-218
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-3084; email:
                [2 ]Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2539; email:
                Article
                10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043152
                ed42283a-e4ec-4f90-9b0b-a0db79167509
                © 2014
                History

                Education,Medicine,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Economics
                Education, Medicine, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Economics

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