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      GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence

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          Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

          On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of \(1.0 \times 10^{-21}\). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1 {\sigma}. The source lies at a luminosity distance of \(410^{+160}_{-180}\) Mpc corresponding to a redshift \(z = 0.09^{+0.03}_{-0.04}\). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are \(36^{+5}_{-4} M_\odot\) and \(29^{+4}_{-4} M_\odot\), and the final black hole mass is \(62^{+4}_{-4} M_\odot\), with \(3.0^{+0.5}_{-0.5} M_\odot c^2\) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals.These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.
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            GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence

            We report the observation of a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of two stellar-mass black holes. The signal, GW151226, was observed by the twin detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) on December 26, 2015 at 03:38:53 UTC. The signal was initially identified within 70 s by an online matched-filter search targeting binary coalescences. Subsequent off-line analyses recovered GW151226 with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a significance greater than 5 \(\sigma\). The signal persisted in the LIGO frequency band for approximately 1 s, increasing in frequency and amplitude over about 55 cycles from 35 to 450 Hz, and reached a peak gravitational strain of \(3.4_{-0.9}^{+0.7} \times 10^{-22}\). The inferred source-frame initial black hole masses are \(14.2_{-3.7}^{+8.3} M_{\odot}\) and \(7.5_{-2.3}^{+2.3} M_{\odot}\) and the final black hole mass is \(20.8_{-1.7}^{+6.1} M_{\odot}\). We find that at least one of the component black holes has spin greater than 0.2. This source is located at a luminosity distance of \(440_{-190}^{+180}\) Mpc corresponding to a redshift \(0.09_{-0.04}^{+0.03}\). All uncertainties define a 90 % credible interval. This second gravitational-wave observation provides improved constraints on stellar populations and on deviations from general relativity.
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              GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2

              We describe the observation of GW170104, a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of a pair of stellar-mass black holes. The signal was measured on January 4, 2017 at 10:11:58.6 UTC by the twin advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory during their second observing run, with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a false alarm rate less than 1 in 70,000 years. The inferred component black hole masses are \(31.2^{+8.4}_{-6.0}\,M_\odot\) and \(19.4^{+5.3}_{-5.9}\,M_\odot\) (at the 90% credible level). The black hole spins are best constrained through measurement of the effective inspiral spin parameter, a mass-weighted combination of the spin components perpendicular to the orbital plane, \(\chi_\mathrm{eff} = -0.12^{+0.21}_{-0.30}.\) This result implies that spin configurations with both component spins positively aligned with the orbital angular momentum are disfavored. The source luminosity distance is \(880^{+450}_{-390}~\mathrm{Mpc}\) corresponding to a redshift of \(z = 0.18^{+0.08}_{-0.07}\). We constrain the magnitude of modifications to the gravitational-wave dispersion relation and perform null tests of general relativity. Assuming that gravitons are dispersed in vacuum like massive particles, we bound the graviton mass to \(m_g \le 7.7 \times 10^{-23}~\mathrm{eV}/c^2\). In all cases, we find that GW170104 is consistent with general relativity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PRLTAO
                Physical Review Letters
                Phys. Rev. Lett.
                American Physical Society (APS)
                0031-9007
                1079-7114
                October 2017
                October 6 2017
                : 119
                : 14
                Affiliations
                [1 ]LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration
                Article
                10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.141101
                ed5c5ca1-ba0d-42be-8db3-b16d7780051f
                © 2017

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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