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      Identification, cloning and characterization of R2R3-MYB gene family in canola ( Brassica napus L.) identify a novel member modulating ROS accumulation and hypersensitive-like cell death

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          Abstract

          The R2R3-MYB proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. Although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in some plant species, little is known about R2R3-MYB genes in canola ( Brassica napus L.). In this study, we have identified 76 R2R3-MYB genes in the canola genome through mining of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The cDNA sequences of 44 MYB genes were successfully cloned. The transcriptional activities of BnaMYB proteins encoded by these genes were assayed in yeast. The subcellular localizations of representative R2R3-MYB proteins were investigated through GFP fusion. Besides, the transcript abundance level analysis during abiotic conditions and ABA treatment identified a group of R2R3-MYB genes that responded to one or more treatments. Furthermore, we identified a previously functionally unknown MYB gene- BnaMYB78, which modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, through regulating the transcription of a few ROS- and defence-related genes. Taken together, this study has provided a solid foundation for understanding the roles and regulatory mechanism of canola R2R3-MYB genes.

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          Transient expression vectors for functional genomics, quantification of promoter activity and RNA silencing in plants

          Roger Hellens, Andrew Allan, Ellen N Friel … (2006)
          Background We describe novel plasmid vectors for transient gene expression using Agrobacterium, infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We have generated a series of pGreenII cloning vectors that are ideally suited to transient gene expression, by removing elements of conventional binary vectors necessary for stable transformation such as transformation selection genes. Results We give an example of expression of heme-thiolate P450 to demonstrate effectiveness of this system. We have also designed vectors that take advantage of a dual luciferase assay system to analyse promoter sequences or post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We have demonstrated their utility by co-expression of putative transcription factors and the promoter sequence of potential target genes and show how orthologous promoter sequences respond to these genes. Finally, we have constructed a vector that has allowed us to investigate design features of hairpin constructs related to their ability to initiate RNA silencing, and have used these tools to study cis-regulatory effect of intron-containing gene constructs. Conclusion In developing a series of vectors ideally suited to transient expression analysis we have provided a resource that further advances the application of this technology. These minimal vectors are ideally suited to conventional cloning methods and we have used them to demonstrate their flexibility to investigate enzyme activity, transcription regulation and post-transcriptional regulatory processes in transient assays.
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            The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants.

            Antje Heese, Dagmar Hann, Selena Gimenez-Ibanez … (2007)
            In pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), plant cell surface receptors sense potential microbial pathogens by recognizing elicitors called PAMPs. Although diverse PAMPs trigger PTI through distinct receptors, the resulting intracellular responses overlap extensively. Despite this, a common component(s) linking signal perception with transduction remains unknown. In this study, we identify SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK)3/brassinosteroid-associated kinase (BAK)1, a receptor-like kinase previously implicated in hormone signaling, as a component of plant PTI. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSERK3/BAK1 rapidly enters an elicitor-dependent complex with FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), the receptor for the bacterial PAMP flagellin and its peptide derivative flg22. In the absence of AtSERK3/BAK1, early flg22-dependent responses are greatly reduced in both A. thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, N. benthamiana Serk3/Bak1 is required for full responses to unrelated PAMPs and, importantly, for restriction of bacterial and oomycete infections. Thus, SERK3/BAK1 appears to integrate diverse perception events into downstream PAMP responses, leading to immunity against a range of invading microbes.
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              Programmed cell death in the plant immune system.

              N S Coll, P Epple, J L Dangl (2011)
              Cell death has a central role in innate immune responses in both plants and animals. Besides sharing striking convergences and similarities in the overall evolutionary organization of their innate immune systems, both plants and animals can respond to infection and pathogen recognition with programmed cell death. The fact that plant and animal pathogens have evolved strategies to subvert specific cell death modalities emphasizes the essential role of cell death during immune responses. The hypersensitive response (HR) cell death in plants displays morphological features, molecular architectures and mechanisms reminiscent of different inflammatory cell death types in animals (pyroptosis and necroptosis). In this review, we describe the molecular pathways leading to cell death during innate immune responses. Additionally, we present recently discovered caspase and caspase-like networks regulating cell death that have revealed fascinating analogies between cell death control across both kingdoms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): DNA Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): DNA Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): dnares
                Journal ID (hwp): dnares
                Title: DNA Research: An International Journal for Rapid Publication of Reports on Genes and Genomes
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1340-2838
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-1663
                Publication date (Print): April 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 January 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 21 January 2016
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 101-114
                Affiliations
                State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +86 29-87092262. Fax. +86 29-87092262. E-mail: jiangyq@ 123456nwafu.edu.cn

                Edited by Dr Mikio Nishimura

                Article
                Publisher ID: dsv040
                DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsv040
                PMC ID: 4833418
                PubMed ID: 26800702
                SO-VID: ed7f6377-dcd4-49b6-9d5f-8e90c21e0cfa
                Copyright © © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                Date received : 11 May 2015
                Date accepted : 14 December 2015
                Funding
                Funded by: the Young Talent
                Award ID: K318009902-1425
                Funded by: the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation
                Categories
                Subject: Full Papers

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: abiotic stress,brassica napus,myb,ros,cell death
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: abiotic stress, brassica napus, myb, ros, cell death

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