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      Bimetal–organic framework assisted polymerization of pyrrole involving air oxidant to prepare composite electrodes for portable energy storage

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          Abstract

          Heterocyclic pyrrole molecules are in situpolymerized in the absence of an oxidant between the layers of bimetal–organic frameworks, resulting in high energy density and power density simultaneously.

          Abstract

          The wide applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as supercapacitor electrodes are still hindered by their poor electrical conductivity. Herein, for the first time, conductive polypyrrole (PPy) has been incorporated into bimetal–organic frameworks to construct high performance supercapacitor electrodes (Zn/Ni-MOF@PPy). Interestingly, we found that the Zn/Ni-MOF could catalyze the polymerization of pyrrole into PPy using oxygen in air as the green oxidant. The conductive polymer chains not only increase the spacing between the layers of the Zn/Ni-MOF, but also provide favorable charge transport channels. The Zn/Ni-MOF@PPy shows outstanding electrochemical performance, and a “trade-off effect” between ion diffusion kinetics and electrical conductivity was discovered with different loads of PPy. Meanwhile, a coin-type hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) assembled using Zn/Ni-MOF@PPy and CNTs-COOH exhibits a high energy density of 50.9 W h kg −1and a power density of 1338 W kg −1simultaneously. Interestingly, the HSC exhibits remarkable cycling stability after 5000 cycles of charge–discharge. Hence, this strategy could open a new window toward the facile construction of MOF@PPy composite electrodes for portable energy storage applications.

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          Most cited references43

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          Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage

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            Systematic design of pore size and functionality in isoreticular MOFs and their application in methane storage.

            A strategy based on reticulating metal ions and organic carboxylate links into extended networks has been advanced to a point that allowed the design of porous structures in which pore size and functionality could be varied systematically. Metal-organic framework (MOF-5), a prototype of a new class of porous materials and one that is constructed from octahedral Zn-O-C clusters and benzene links, was used to demonstrate that its three-dimensional porous system can be functionalized with the organic groups -Br, -NH2, -OC3H7, -OC5H11, -C2H4, and -C4H4 and that its pore size can be expanded with the long molecular struts biphenyl, tetrahydropyrene, pyrene, and terphenyl. We synthesized an isoreticular series (one that has the same framework topology) of 16 highly crystalline materials whose open space represented up to 91.1% of the crystal volume, as well as homogeneous periodic pores that can be incrementally varied from 3.8 to 28.8 angstroms. One member of this series exhibited a high capacity for methane storage (240 cubic centimeters at standard temperature and pressure per gram at 36 atmospheres and ambient temperature), and others the lowest densities (0.41 to 0.21 gram per cubic centimeter) for a crystalline material at room temperature.
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              2D materials. Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage.

              Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices. Graphene's flexibility, large surface area, and chemical stability, combined with its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, make it promising as a catalyst in fuel and dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemically functionalized graphene can also improve storage and diffusion of ionic species and electric charge in batteries and supercapacitors. Two-dimensional crystals provide optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties complementing those of graphene, enabling the realization of ultrathin-film photovoltaic devices or systems for hydrogen production. Here, we review the use of graphene and related materials for energy conversion and storage, outlining the roadmap for future applications.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                JMCAET
                Journal of Materials Chemistry A
                J. Mater. Chem. A
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-7488
                2050-7496
                2017
                2017
                : 5
                : 45
                : 23744-23752
                Affiliations
                [1 ]MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
                [2 ]School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
                [3 ]Harbin Institute of Technology
                [4 ]Harbin 150001
                [5 ]People's Republic of China
                Article
                10.1039/C7TA07464F
                ed8af68b-b2bd-4b27-8a10-9e4b417f20e3
                © 2017

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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