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      Is Ramadan fasting associated with low scores of Healthy Eating Index? Translated title: ¿Está asociado el ayuno de Ramadán con puntuaciones bajas en el Índice de Alimentación Saludable?

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: intermittent fasting diets that reduce or completely restrict food intake for specific periods have become more popular in recent years. Fasting in Ramadan is also an example of these intermittent fasting practices. In fasting practices focusing on the duration of nutrition, less emphasis was placed on the information on the dietary pattern. Objective: this study aims to evaluate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and diet quality in fasting individuals in Ramadan. Material and methods: this study was a cross-sectional study, conducted with adults aged 18-65 years. Food consumption record was taken with a 24-h-record with food consumption form. Diet quality and adequacy were assessed with the HEI, Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR), and Average Adequacy Ratio (MAR) from food consumption records. Results: according to study results, HEI and NAR Ca scores were statistically significantly lower in the fasting group than in the non-fasting group (p < 0.05). In the non-fasting group, HEI scores showed a negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and waist-hip ratio (r = -0.023, r = -0.148, p < 0.05). Conclusion: this study claimed that fasting might be associated with low scores of HEI. These results suggest that specific nutritional recommendations should be developed for fasting individuals.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: las dietas de ayuno intermitente que reducen o restringen por completo la ingesta de alimentos durante periodos específicos se han vuelto más populares en los últimos años. El ayuno en Ramadán también es un ejemplo de estas prácticas de ayuno intermitente. En las prácticas de ayuno centradas en la duración de la nutrición, se ha puesto menos énfasis en la información sobre el patrón dietético. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) y la calidad de la dieta en personas en ayunas en Ramadán. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con adultos de 18 a 65 años. El registro de consumo de alimentos se tomó con un registro de 24 horas con formulario de consumo de alimentos. La calidad y la adecuación de la dieta se evaluaron con el IAS, el índice de adecuación de nutrientes (NAR) y la ratio de adecuación promedio (MAR) de los registros de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: de acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, las puntuaciones de HEI y NAR Ca fueron estadísticamente significativamente más bajas en el grupo que hace ayuno que en el grupo sin ayuno (p < 0,05). En el grupo sin ayuno, las puntuaciones HEI mostraron una correlación negativa con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2) y la relación cintura-cadera (r = -0,023, r = -0,148, p < 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio afirmó que el ayuno podría estar asociado con puntuaciones bajas de IAS. Dichos resultados sugieren que se deben desarrollar recomendaciones nutricionales específicas para las personas que hacen ayuno.

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          Most cited references25

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          Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2015

          The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure for assessing whether a set of foods aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). An updated HEI is released to correspond to each new edition of the DGA, and this article introduces the latest version, which reflects the 2015-2020 DGA. The HEI-2015 components are the same as in the HEI-2010, except Saturated Fat and Added Sugars replace Empty Calories, with the result being 13 components. The 2015-2020 DGA include explicit recommendations to limit intakes of both Added Sugars and Saturated Fats to 7 out of 10. HEI-2015 component scores can be examined collectively using radar graphs to reveal a pattern of diet quality and summed to represent overall diet quality.
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            Intermittent Fasting: A Heart Healthy Dietary Pattern?

            Dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to improve cardiac health. Intermittent fasting is another type of popular dietary pattern that is based upon timed periods of fasting. Two different regimens are Alternative Day Fasting and Time-Restricted Eating. Although there are no large, randomized control trials examining the relationship between intermittent fasting and cardiovascular outcomes, current human studies that suggest this diet could reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease with improvement in weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Intermittent fasting may exert its effects through multiple pathways including reducing oxidative stress, optimization of circadian rhythms and ketogenesis. This review evaluates current literature regarding the potential cardiovascular benefits of intermittent fasting and proposes directions for future research.
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              The impact of religious fasting on human health

              The past two decades have seen a rise in the number of investigations examining the health-related effects of religiously motivated fasts. Islamic Ramadan is a 28 - 30 day fast in which food and drink are prohibited during the daylight hours. The majority of health-specific findings related to Ramadan fasting are mixed. The likely causes for these heterogeneous findings are the differences between studies in the following: 1) the amount of daily fasting time; 2) the percentage of subjects who smoke, take oral medications, and/or receive intravenous fluids; and 3) the subjects' typical food choices and eating habits. Greek Orthodox Christians fast for a total of 180 - 200 days each year, and their main fasting periods are the Nativity Fast (40 days prior to Christmas), Lent (48 days prior to Easter), and the Assumption (15 days in August). The fasting periods are more similar than dissimilar, and they can each be described as a variant of vegetarianism. Some of the more favorable effects of these fasts include the lowering of body mass, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. The Biblical-based Daniel Fast prohibits the consumption of animal products, refined carbohydrates, food additives, preservatives, sweeteners, flavorings, caffeine, and alcohol. It is most commonly partaken for 21 days, although fasts of 10 and 40 days have been observed. Our initial investigation of the Daniel Fast noted favorable effects on several health-related outcomes, including: blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin sensitivity, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. This review summarizes the health-specific effects of these fasts and provides suggestions for future research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                October 2022
                : 39
                : 5
                : 1058-1063
                Affiliations
                [1] Samsun orgnameOndokuz Mayis University orgdiv1Faculty of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Turkey
                Article
                S0212-16112022000800013 S0212-1611(22)03900500013
                10.20960/nh.04042
                ed9d266e-1b19-4e3b-bb8d-402cd4f4410e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 May 2022
                : 18 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Fasting,Calidad de la dieta,Ayuno,Ramadán,Diet quality,Ramadan
                Fasting, Calidad de la dieta, Ayuno, Ramadán, Diet quality, Ramadan

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