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      SHV-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) are encoded in related plasmids from enterobacteria clinical isolates from Mexico Translated title: beta-Lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) tipo SHV están codificadas en plásmidos relacionados en aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias en México

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: In this work we report the molecular characterization of beta-lactam antibiotics resistance conferred by genes contained in plasmids from enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen enterobacterial clinical isolates selected from a group of strains obtained from seven different hospitals in Mexico during 1990-1992 and 1996-1998 were analyzed at the Bacterial Resistance Laboratory (National Institute Public Health, Cuernavaca). Molecular characterization included PFGE, IEF of beta-lactamases, bacterial conjugation, PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, plasmid extraction and restriction. RESULTS: Isolates were genetically unrelated. ESBL identified were SHV-2 (5/14) and SHV-5 (9/14) type. Cephalosporin-resistance was transferable in 9 of 14 (64%) clinical isolates with only one conjugative plasmid, DNA finger printing showed a similar band pattern in plasmids. CONCLUSIONS: The dissemination of cephalosporin resistance was due to related plasmids carrying the ESBL genes.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: En este trabajo se reporta la caracterización molecular de la resistencia a antibiótico beta-lactámicos conferida por genes contenidos en plásmidos de enterobacterias productoras de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEEs). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Catorce aislamientos clínicos de enterobacterias fueron seleccionados por conveniencia de un banco de cepas obtenidas de siete diferentes hospitales de México durante los periodos 1990-1992 y 1996-1998 y fueron procesados en el Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca). En la caracterización se empleó PFGE, IEF para beta-lactamasas, conjugación bacteriana, amplificación por PCR y secuenciación de DNA, extracción y restricción de plásmidos. RESULTADOS: Las 14 cepas fueron no relacionadas genéticamente. Se identificaron BLEEs tipo SHV-2 (5/14) y SHV-5 (9/14). La resistencia a cefalosporinas fue transferida por conjugación en 9 de 14 (64%) aislamientos clínicos mediante un plásmido que mostró un patrón de restricción similar entre ellos. CONCLUSIÓN: Se sugiere que la diseminación de la resistencia a cefalosporinas fue debida a plásmidos relacionados que contienen los genes que codifican BLEEs.

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          Experiments in Molecular Genetics

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            Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat.

            Beta-lactamases continue to be the leading cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. In recent years there has been an increased incidence and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), enzymes that hydrolyze and cause resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins and aztreonam. The majority of ESBLs are derived from the widespread broad-spectrum beta-lactamases TEM-1 and SHV-1. There are also new families of ESBLs, including the CTX-M and OXA-type enzymes as well as novel, unrelated beta-lactamases. Several different methods for the detection of ESBLs in clinical isolates have been suggested. While each of the tests has merit, none of the tests is able to detect all of the ESBLs encountered. ESBLs have become widespread throughout the world and are now found in a significant percentage of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in certain countries. They have also been found in other Enterobacteriaceae strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strains expressing these beta-lactamases will present a host of therapeutic challenges as we head into the 21st century.
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              Studying plasmid horizontal transfer in situ: a critical review.

              This review deals with the prospective, experimental documentation of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and its role in real-time, local adaptation. We have focused on plasmids and their function as an accessory and/or adaptive gene pool. Studies of the extent of HGT in natural environments have identified certain hot spots, and many of these involve biofilms. Biofilms are uniquely suited for HGT, as they sustain high bacterial density and metabolic activity, even in the harshest environments. Single-cell detection of donor, recipient and transconjugant bacteria in various natural environments, combined with individual-based mathematical models, has provided a new platform for HGT studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico )
                0036-3634
                December 2007
                : 49
                : 6
                : 415-421
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas orgdiv2Departamento de Resistencia Bacteriana
                [02] Cuernavaca orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Centro de Ciencias Genómicas México
                Article
                S0036-36342007000600008 S0036-3634(07)04900608
                10.1590/s0036-36342007000600008
                ed9f63c8-48c8-48c4-b51e-13cd54d1d975

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 September 2006
                : 18 September 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Original Articles

                SHV-5,Mexico,ESBL,plásmido,BLEE,SHV-2,enterobacterias,México,enterobacteria,plasmid

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