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      El manejo del estrés laboral en la planta de hospitalización de pacientes COVID-19 Translated title: The management of occupational stress in the hospitalization facility for COVID-19 patients

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          Abstract

          Resumen La excepcional situación que hemos vivido durante la pandemia del COVID19 enfrentó al personal sanitario a problemas debido al colapso hospitalario, la evolución de la epidemia, lo emergente de la enfermedad, la ausencia de un tratamiento efectivo o la carencia de equipos de protección individual. Todo esto puede afectar a la calidad de la atención que presta, la capacidad de entender la evolución clínica del paciente, su toma de decisiones e incluso dificultar la lucha contra la COVID19, además del impacto en su bienestar y calidad de vida. Hemos querido analizar el papel de determinadas variables en el desarrollo de la actividad de los profesionales de la salud que desempeñan su labor en la planta de hospitalización de pacientes con COVID19. Identificar los estresores en el contexto de su trabajo durante la pandemia, así como conocer su estado basal, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida del personal, la organización asistencial y, la mejoría del tratamiento clínico, que nos permita un sistema de salud que puede hacer frente a desafíos futuros. Un estudio transversal descriptivo donde 36 sujetos, que constituyen el 90% de la población que forma el equipo sanitario encargado de los cuidados en la unidad de hospitalización para pacientes afectados por el coronavirus en el Hospital General de La Palma. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido la Escala de Estrés Percibido (EPP) y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad: Estado-Rasgo (STAI), además de un cuestionario propuesto por las investigadoras. De entre los resultados más relevantes objetivamos que a mayores puntuaciones en ansiedad estado y rasgo, mayores puntuaciones de estrés percibido relacionado con el trabajo realizado en la unidad de hospitalización. Entendemos prioridad principal la formación y protección de los profesionales, así como la preparación de nuestro sistema de salud ante la posibilidad de un nuevo escenario de pandemia.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The uncertainty and stress associated with health care during an outbreak like the coronavirus demand special attention to the emotional support needs of health personnel. We propose a cross-sectional descriptive study, in which the presence of stress and / or anxiety are observed at the same time that we know the care workload, the years of experience in their profession, training with personal protective equipment or carrying out of the COVID19 detection test among other data. Once the incident factors have been detected and analyzed, mechanisms can be put in place to deal with them, crucial to preserve the mental and physical health of the health worker, and their effective job performance.

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          Most cited references15

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          Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

          Key Points Question What factors are associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers in China who are treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in multiple regions of China, a considerable proportion of health care workers reported experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, especially women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating, or providing nursing care to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Meaning These findings suggest that, among Chinese health care workers exposed to COVID-19, women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health outcomes and may need psychological support or interventions.
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            The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus

            In December, 2019, a novel coronavirus outbreak of pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, 1 and has subsequently garnered attention around the world. 2 In the fight against the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), medical workers in Wuhan have been facing enormous pressure, including a high risk of infection and inadequate protection from contamination, overwork, frustration, discrimination, isolation, patients with negative emotions, a lack of contact with their families, and exhaustion. The severe situation is causing mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger, and fear. These mental health problems not only affect the medical workers' attention, understanding, and decision making ability, which might hinder the fight against 2019-nCoV, but could also have a lasting effect on their overall wellbeing. Protecting the mental health of these medical workers is thus important for control of the epidemic and their own long-term health. The local government of Wuhan has implemented policies to address these mental health problems. Medical staff infected with 2019-nCoV while at work will be identified as having work-related injuries. 3 As of Jan 25, 2020, 1230 medical workers have been sent from other provinces to Wuhan to care for patients who are infected and those with suspected infection, strengthen logistics support, and help reduce the pressure on health-care personnel. 4 Most general hospitals in Wuhan have established a shift system to allow front-line medical workers to rest and to take turns in high-pressured roles. Online platforms with medical advice have been provided to share information on how to decrease the risk of transmission between the patients in medical settings, which aims to eventually reduce the pressure on medical workers. Psychological intervention teams have been set up by the RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University and Mental Health Center of Wuhan, which comprise four groups of health-care staff. Firstly, the psychosocial response team (composed of managers and press officers in the hospitals) coordinates the management team's work and publicity tasks. Secondly, the psychological intervention technical support team (composed of senior psychological intervention experts) is responsible for formulating psychological intervention materials and rules, and providing technical guidance and supervision. Thirdly, the psychological intervention medical team, who are mainly psychiatrists, participates in clinical psychological intervention for health-care workers and patients. Lastly, the psychological assistance hotline teams (composed of volunteers who have received psychological assistance training in dealing with the 2019-nCoV epidemic) provide telephone guidance to help deal with mental health problems. Hundreds of medical workers are receiving these interventions, with good response, and their provision is expanding to more people and hospitals. Understanding the mental health response after a public health emergency might help medical workers and communities prepare for a population's response to a disaster. 5 On Jan 27, 2020, the National Health Commission of China published a national guideline of psychological crisis intervention for 2019-nCoV. 4 This publication marks the first time that guidance to provide multifaceted psychological protection of the mental health of medical workers has been initiated in China. The experiences from this public health emergency should inform the efficiency and quality of future crisis intervention of the Chinese Government and authorities around the world.
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              The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak

              Highlights • We must be aware of the challenge and concerns brought by 2019-nCoV. Every effort should be put to understand and control the disease. • Patients with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV (new coronavirus disease) may experience fear of the consequences of being infected with a potentially fatal new virus, and those in quarantine might experience boredom, loneliness, and anger. • In the intervention with staff and patients, we found the stress-adaptation model particularly relevant
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ene
                Ene
                Ene.
                Martín Rodríguez Álvaro (Santa Cruz de La Palma, La Palma, Spain )
                1988-348X
                2021
                : 15
                : 1
                : 748
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameServicio Canario de Salud orgdiv1Hospital General de La Palma
                Article
                S1988-348X2021000100002 S1988-348X(21)01500100002
                edbab8b8-c7de-4f8b-8940-5bad7fa4ddd1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : October 2020
                : June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                SARS-CoV,ansiedad,estrés laboral,anxiety,occupational stress

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