For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
227
views
32
references
 Top references
cited by
225
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      15
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Sleep duration may be an important regulator of body weight and metabolism. An association between short habitual sleep time and increased body mass index (BMI) has been reported in large population samples. The potential role of metabolic hormones in this association is unknown.

          Methods and Findings

          Study participants were 1,024 volunteers from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a population-based longitudinal study of sleep disorders. Participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography and reported on their sleep habits through questionnaires and sleep diaries. Following polysomnography, morning, fasted blood samples were evaluated for serum leptin and ghrelin (two key opposing hormones in appetite regulation), adiponectin, insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. Relationships among these measures, BMI, and sleep duration (habitual and immediately prior to blood sampling) were examined using multiple variable regressions with control for confounding factors.

          A U-shaped curvilinear association between sleep duration and BMI was observed. In persons sleeping less than 8 h (74.4% of the sample), increased BMI was proportional to decreased sleep. Short sleep was associated with low leptin ( p for slope = 0.01), with a predicted 15.5% lower leptin for habitual sleep of 5 h versus 8 h, and high ghrelin ( p for slope = 0.008), with a predicted 14.9% higher ghrelin for nocturnal (polysomnographic) sleep of 5 h versus 8 h, independent of BMI.

          Conclusion

          Participants with short sleep had reduced leptin and elevated ghrelin. These differences in leptin and ghrelin are likely to increase appetite, possibly explaining the increased BMI observed with short sleep duration. In Western societies, where chronic sleep restriction is common and food is widely available, changes in appetite regulatory hormones with sleep curtailment may contribute to obesity.

          Abstract

          The less people sleep the higher their risk for being overweight. This study shows that sleep duration affects appetite-regulating hormones

          Related collections

          Most cited references32

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans.

          S Nambi, K Mather, A. Katz … (2000)
          Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
          Article 0 comments Cited 774 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia.

            Daniel F. Kripke, Lawrence Garfinkel, Deborah L. Wingard … (2002)
            Patients often complain about insufficient sleep or chronic insomnia in the belief that they need 8 hours of sleep. Treatment strategies may be guided by what sleep durations predict optimal survival and whether insomnia might signal mortality risks. In 1982, the Cancer Prevention Study II of the American Cancer Society asked participants about their sleep duration and frequency of insomnia. Cox proportional hazards survival models were computed to determine whether sleep duration or frequency of insomnia was associated with excess mortality up to 1988, controlling simultaneously for demographics, habits, health factors, and use of various medications. Participants were more than 1.1 million men and women from 30 to 102 years of age. The best survival was found among those who slept 7 hours per night. Participants who reported sleeping 8 hours or more experienced significantly increased mortality hazard, as did those who slept 6 hours or less. The increased risk exceeded 15% for those reporting more than 8.5 hours sleep or less than 3.5 or 4.5 hours. In contrast, reports of "insomnia" were not associated with excess mortality hazard. As previously described, prescription sleeping pill use was associated with significantly increased mortality after control for reported sleep durations and insomnia. Patients can be reassured that short sleep and insomnia seem associated with little risk distinct from comorbidities. Slight risks associated with 8 or more hours of sleep and sleeping pill use need further study. Causality is unproven.
            Article 0 comments Cited 341 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women.

              Najib T Ayas, David White, JoAnn Manson … (2003)
              Long-term sleep deprivation is common in today's society. Recent experiments have demonstrated that short-term sleep deprivation in healthy subjects results in adverse physiologic changes, including a decreased glucose tolerance and an increased blood pressure. However, the long-term health consequences of long-term sleep deprivation are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether decreased sleep duration (from self-reports) is associated with an increased risk of coronary events. We studied a cohort of 71 617 US female health professionals (aged 45-65 years), without reported coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline, who were enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study. Subjects were mailed a questionnaire in 1986 asking about daily sleep duration. Subjects were followed up until June 30, 1996, for the occurrence of CHD-related events. We assessed the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and incident CHD. A total of 934 coronary events were documented (271 fatal and 663 nonfatal) during the 10 years of follow up. Age-adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of CHD (with 8 hours of daily sleep being considered the reference group) for individuals reporting 5 or fewer, 6, and 7 hours of sleep were 1.82 (1.34-2.41), 1.30 (1.08-1.57), and 1.06 (0.89-1.26), respectively. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for 9 or more hours of sleep was 1.57 (1.18-2.11). After adjusting for various potential confounders, including snoring, body mass index, and smoking, the relative risks of CHD (95% confidence intervals) for individuals reporting 5 or fewer, 6, and 7 hours of sleep were 1.45 (1.10-1.92), 1.18 (0.98-1.42), and 1.09 (0.91-1.30), respectively. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for 9 or more hours of sleep was 1.38 (1.03-1.86). Short and long self-reported sleep durations are independently associated with a modestly increased risk of coronary events.
              Article 0 comments Cited 248 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pmed
                Title: PLoS Medicine
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1549-1277
                ISSN (Electronic): 1549-1676
                Publication date (Print): December 2004
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 December 2004
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e62
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Palo Alto, CaliforniaUnited States of America
                [2] 2Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, WisconsinUnited States of America
                Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut de Biologie de Lille France
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author Contributions: ST, TY, and EM designed the study. ST, DA, TY, and EM analyzed the data. ST, LL, and EM performed the experiments. TY enrolled patients. ST, LL, DA, TY, and EM contributed to writing the paper.

                *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mignot@ 123456stanford.edu

                ¤Current address: Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

                Article
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062
                PMC ID: 535701
                PubMed ID: 15602591
                SO-VID: eddad5d6-7f3b-44f8-8836-e0aed309b24b
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2004 Taheri et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
                History
                Date received : 26 August 2004
                Date accepted : 21 October 2004
                Related
                Sleep, Appetite, and Obesity- What Is the Link?Sleep Duration Affects Appetite-Regulating Hormones
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Diabetes/Endocrinology/Metabolism
                Subject: Epidemiology/Public Health
                Subject: Endocrinology
                Subject: Nutrition and Metabolism
                Subject: Obesity
                Subject: Cohort Studies
                Subject: Public Health

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content15

                See all similar

                Cited by522

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,054

                See all reference authors