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      Long non-coding RNA CTA sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin through inhibition of autophagy

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          Abstract

          Recently, several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in osteosarcoma (OS). However, the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in chemotherapy resistance of OS still remain unclear. This study aimed to screen a novel lncRNA that contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance of OS, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that lncRNA CTA was markedly downregulated in OS tissues compared to their matched non-tumor tissues, and low expression of lncRNA CTA was significantly associated with the advanced clinical stage and tumor size. In addition, OS patients with low lncRNA CTA levels showed a worse prognosis when compared with those with high expression of lncRNA CTA. Furthermore, we report that lncRNA CTA has an inverse relationship with miR-210 expression in OS tissues. LncRNA CTA could be activated by doxorubicin (DOX), and could promote OS cell apoptosis by competitively binding miR-210, while inhibit cell autophagy. On the other hand, lncRNA CTA was downregulated in DOX-resistant OS cells. Overexpression of lncRNA CTA reduced autophagy and subsequently overcame DOX resistance of OS in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we demonstrate that lncRNA CTA is an essential regulator in DOX-induced OS cell apoptosis, and the lncRNA CTA-miR-210 axis plays an important role in reducing OS chemoresistance.

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          Regulation of lncRNA and Its Role in Cancer Metastasis

          Juan Li, Hui Meng, Yun Bai … (2016)
          Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death all over the world. Metastasis is a process by which cancer spreads from the place at which it first arose to distant locations in the body. It is well known that several steps are necessary for this process, including cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, resistance to anoikis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanism of regulating cancer metastasis progress may provide helpful insights in the development of efficient diagnosis and therapeutic strategy. Recent studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cancer metastasis. lncRNAs are the nonprotein coding RNAs that have a size longer than 200 nucleotides. More and more studies have indicated that lncRNAs are involved in a broad range of biological processes and are associated with many diseases, such as cancer. The role of lncRNAs in cancer metastasis has been widely studied; however, lncRNAs are mainly involved in the EMT process on the current literature. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNAs in cancer metastasis.
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            Ischemic preconditioning augments survival of stem cells via miR-210 expression by targeting caspase-8-associated protein 2.

            Muhammad Ashraf, Shujia Jiang, H. Kim … (2009)
            MicroRNAs (miRs) participate in most cellular functions by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression albeit with little information regarding their role in ischemic preconditioning (IP) of stem cells. We report that IP of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with two cycles of 30-min ischemia/reoxygenation (I/R) supported their survival under subsequent longer exposure to anoxia and following engraftment in the infarcted heart. IP significantly reduced apoptosis in MSCs through activation of Akt (Ser(473)) and ERK1/2 (Thr(202)/Tyr(204)) and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). We observed concomitant induction of miR-210 in the preconditioned MSCs ((PC)MSCs). Inhibition of HIF-1alpha or of miR-210 abrogated the cytoprotective effects of preconditioning. Extrapolation of these data to in vivo studies in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction predominantly improved stem cell survival after engraftment with a role for miR-210. Notably, multiple I/R cycles more effectively regulated the miR-210 and hence promoted MSC survival compared with single-cycle hypoxia of an equal duration. Real time PCR array for rat apoptotic genes, computational target gene analyses, and luciferase reporter assay identified FLICE-associated huge protein (FLASH)/caspase-8-associated protein-2 (Casp8ap2) in (PC)MSCs as the target gene of miR-210. Induction of FLASH/CASP8AP2 in miR-210 knocked-down (PC)MSCs resulted in increased cell apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that cytoprotection afforded by IP was regulated by miR-210 induction via FLASH/Casp8ap2 suppression. These results highlighted that IP by multiple short episodes of I/R is a novel strategy to promote stem cell survival.
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              Serum microRNA-210 as a potential noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma

              N-s Lai, D-g Wu, X-g Fang … (2015)
              Background: MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) is an oncogenic miRNA previously associated with prognosis in human gliomas, an incurable tumour type of the central nervous system. Here miR-210 was investigated as a potential serum biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Methods: Serum was immediately prepared from blood samples collected from patients with glioma grades I–IV at primary diagnosis (n=136) and healthy controls (n=50) from February 2007 to March 2014 in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Wuhu, China). Total RNA was isolated from serum. cDNA was synthesised with primers specific for miR-210 and miR-16-1 (internal control), and quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed. Results were statistically analysed to determine the role of miR-210 in the diagnosis and prognosis of human glioma patients. Results: An approximately seven-fold increase in miR-210 expression was detected in serum samples from glioblastoma patients relative to healthy controls. A threshold expression value (2.259) was chosen from receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC), and the low and high miR-210 expression groups were analysed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. Results revealed an association of high serum miR-210 expression with tumour grade and poor patient outcome (P-values <0.001). Conclusions: Serum miR-210 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker that can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients with glioma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oncotarget
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oncotarget
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Oncotarget
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ImpactJ
                Title: Oncotarget
                Publisher: Impact Journals LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1949-2553
                Publication date Collection: 9 May 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2017
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 19
                Pages: 31465-31477
                Affiliations
                1 Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Song Wu, wusong2016@ 123456yeah.net
                Article
                Publisher ID: 16356
                DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16356
                PMC ID: 5458222
                PubMed ID: 28415557
                SO-VID: ede28540-676c-46ce-ab77-6c643bf1d500
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2017 Wang et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 27 October 2016
                Date accepted : 4 March 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: osteosarcoma,long non-coding rna,doxorubicin,resistance,autophagy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: osteosarcoma, long non-coding rna, doxorubicin, resistance, autophagy

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