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      Evaluación de terrazas de banco para plantaciones forestales comerciales

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          Abstract

          Ante el grave problema de erosión prevaleciente en México, se describe el diseño de terrazas de banco para plantaciones forestales comerciales realizado en Valle de Bravo, Estado de México. Se evaluó la eficiencia técnica del proyecto y se determinó su factibilidad financiera. La fase de campo se llevó acabo de enero a agosto de 2007. Se definieron los intervalos vertical y horizontal entre los bancales, con base en los criterios de precipitación, las pendientes dominantes en el terreno (15 y 30%), la textura del suelo y los requerimientos del silvicultor. Se diseñaron 70 terrazas de 3 m de ancho por 0.45 m y 0.90 m de alto para las pendientes respectivas, en una superficie de 4 ha donde se plantaron 3,757 árboles comerciales. Para determinar la eficiencia técnica se midieron la infiltración, el escurrimiento superficial y los sedimentos en lotes con y sin terrazas de 0.15 m², bajo lluvia simulada con una intensidad de 140 mm h-1. La erosión del suelo se estimó mediante la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelos. Las terrazas mostraron una eficiencia de 99.09% para mitigar la erosión, 43.6% para aumentar la infiltración, 74% para reducir el escurrimiento superficial y 46.6% la de sedimentos. La factibilidad financiera reportó una relación beneficio-costo de 2.37, un valor actual neto de $7'800,318.77 y una tasa interna de retorno de 129%. La construcción y operación del sistema de terrazas de banco para plantaciones forestales comerciales es una opción técnica eficiente y financieramente factible.

          Translated abstract

          As an option to face the severe erosion problem that prevails in México, a project of bench terraces for commercial forest plantations was carried out in Valle de Bravo, Estado de México. The technical efficiency of the project was assessed as well as its financial feasibility. Field work was done from January to August, 2007. Vertical and horizontal ranges between the benches were based upon the following criteria: rainfall, dominant slopes (15 and 30 per cent), soil texture and the foresters' needs. Seventy 3 mx0.45 mx .90 m terraces were built in 4 ha, where 3,757 commercial trees were planted. In order to know their technical efficiency, infiltration, superficial draining and the sediments in plots with and without 0.15 m2 terraces were measured, under simulation rainfall of 140 mmh-1 intensity. Soil erosion was estimated through the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Terraces showed an efficiency of 99.09 per cent for erosion control, 43.6 per cent for infiltration increment, 74 per cent of runoff reduction and 46.6 per cent of sediment loss. In regard to financial feasibility, it was found a cost-benefit relation of 2.37, with a net present value of $ 7 800 318.77, and an internal rate of return of 129%. It was concluded that the implementation of bench terraces for commercial forest is a technically efficient financially feasible possibility.

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          Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits.

          Soil erosion is a major environmental threat to the sustainability and productive capacity of agriculture. During the last 40 years, nearly one-third of the world's arable land has been lost by erosion and continues to be lost at a rate of more than 10 million hectares per year. With the addition of a quarter of a million people each day, the world population's food demand is increasing at a time when per capita food productivity is beginning to decline.
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            Predicting rainfall erosion losses from cropland East of the Rocky Mountains: Guide for selection of practices for soil and water conservation

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              Integrating biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil conservation on the Loess Plateau, China. Part III. The benefits of conservation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cfm
                Ciencia forestal en México
                Rev. Cien. For. Mex
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (México, DF, Mexico )
                1405-3586
                June 2009
                : 34
                : 105
                : 97-116
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Instituto de Recursos Naturales orgdiv2Programa de Hidrociencias vios@ 123456colpos.mx
                Article
                S1405-35862009000100005 S1405-3586(09)03410500005
                ede47828-909d-4060-8f9d-fafdc9d9c08b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 May 2009
                : 13 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                escurrimientos,erosión,Eficiencia técnica,terraces,sediment,financial feasibility,runoff,erosion,Technical efficiency,terrazas,sedimentos,factibilidad financiera

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