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      Psicopatología y complejidad Translated title: Psychopathology and complexity

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          Abstract

          El paradigma de la complejidad plantea que la realidad posee una dinámica caótica, ambigua, borrosa, paradójica, y que no sigue los valores de orden, armonía y perfección que tienden a simplificarla; sin embargo, dicho caos es una forma de organización y orden. El comportamiento humano abordado por este paradigma reivindica así el papel representativo de lo irregular y lo contradictorio del comportamiento al lado de lo lineal y predecible. La presente revisión de tema tiene como propósito describir algunos conceptos y supuestos en los que el enfoque de la complejidad basa su visión de lo complejo en el comportamiento, en particular, del psicopatológico en el individuo. Se establecen algunas comparaciones con conceptos asociados a lo complejo en enfoques científicos de la psicología, tales como el conductismo contextual, el conductismo paradigmático y el interconductismo desde su perspectiva, todo ello, destacando la muticausalidad recíproca, el aprendizaje complejo y jerárquico, lo histórico y contextual en la comprensión de la conducta, y buscando hacer algunas extrapolaciones al comportamiento psicopatológico. Esta aproximación se considera útil y necesaria para comprender e intervenir entidades nosológicas que plantean desafíos clínicos.

          Translated abstract

          The paradigm of complexity states that reality conveys a chaotic dynamics, ambiguous, blurred, and paradoxical, and that it does not fulfill the values of order, harmony nor perfection. However, such a chaos represents a specific way of organization and order. Human behavior explained by this paradigm vindicates on this way the outstanding role of contradiction and irregularity aside of what is linear and predictable. The purpose of this review has the primary aim to describe some concepts and assumptions that give support to the approach to complexity in behavior, especially concerning the psychopathological behavior of an individual. Some comparisons with concepts associated to complexity in scientific approaches to psychology (contextual and paradigmatical behaviorism and interbehaviorism from its own persepctive) are stablished. All these elements are developed underlining the concepts of reciprocal multicausality, complex and hierarchical learning, historical and contextual factors in the comprehension of behavior, and trying to make some extrapolations on the psychopathological behavior. This approach is hence considered appropriate and necessary to understand gnosiological entities and to intervene them in their role of clinical challenges.

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          Most cited references34

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          Evolutionary origins of depression: a review and reformulation.

          D Nettle (2004)
          There has been a recent surge of interest in the evolutionary basis of depression. One approach argues that the affective mechanisms that are dysregulated in depression are adaptations, whilst a second approach argues that depression itself is an adaptation. The evidence relating to whether depression could itself be an adaptation is reviewed. Adaptations generally have four hallmarks; they lack heritable variation, show evidence of good design, are evoked by appropriate triggers, and fitness is reduced where they are absent. Depression shows none of these hallmarks. It is characterized by heritability, recurrence, cognitive impairment, and poor social outcome. In an alternative evolutionary formulation, I argue that evolution has produced a continuous population distribution of affective reactivity that is subject to stabilizing selection. Individuals vulnerable to depression are at the upper end of this distribution. This conceptualization, in which depression itself is not selected for, is compatible with the known clinical and epidemiological facts.
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            Dysthymia and chronic depression: introduction, classification, risk factors, and course.

            Chronic forms of depression are more common and impairing than is generally recognized. This article introduces an In Session issue devoted to dysthymic disorder and chronic depression, and it reviews current knowledge about these disorders. First, we discuss nosological issues, followed by a summary of potential risk factors. Finally, the naturalistic course of chronic depression is described and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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              Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfnsp
                Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública
                Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0120-386X
                2256-3334
                May 2010
                : 28
                : 2
                : 169-173
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga
                Article
                S0120-386X2010000200009 S0120-386X(10)02800209
                edf5ea5d-008f-4ae4-88cb-d6a990817b44

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 May 2010
                : 29 July 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Revisión de temas

                psicopatología,conductismo psicológico,contextualismo,caos,complejidad,psychopathology,behaviourism,contextualism,complexity

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