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      Presencia de integrones clase I en Escherichia coli aislada de productos cárnicos en plantas Tipo Inspección Federal (TIF) en el Estado de México Translated title: Presence of class I integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from meat products in Federal Inspection Type (TIF) plants in the Estado de Mexico

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          Abstract

          Los alimentos cárnicos constituyen uno de los principales vehículos de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, como consecuencia de un manejo deficiente durante su procesamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de algunos factores de resistencia antibiótica de Escherichia coli en plantas Tipo Inspección Federal (TIF) del Estado de México. Para este fin se analizaron muestras de tres plantas TIF en el Estado de México (n = 90), 10 de materia prima (carne de bovino, cerdo y pavo), 10 de producto terminado y 70 de utensilios de trabajo. Se aislaron 18 (20%) cepas de E. coli, 3 de materia prima, 2 de producto terminado y 13 de utensilios de trabajo (P > 0.05). Las E. coli aisladas presentaron una frecuencia alta de resistencia a ampicilina (88.8%), cefalotina (88.8%), carbencilina (83.3%) y cloranfenicol (61.1%). Se encontró una relación entre las cepas de E. coli resistentes a ampicilina y cloranfenicol y la presencia de genes de resistencia Pse-1 4/18 (22%) y floR 4/18 (22%). Cinco (55.5%) aislamientos positivos a Pse-1 y floR también presentaron el gen Cs3 Cs5 del integrón clase I. Los resultados indican que la resistencia antimicrobiana y los factores de resistencia genéticos están presentes en Escherichia coli aislada de plantas procesadoras de alimentos, lo que sugiere que estos elementos pueden transmitirse a la microbiota intestinal de la población humana a través de la contaminación y consumo de productos mal procesados, y ser un factor de riesgo para la salud pública.

          Translated abstract

          Meat foods are the main vehicle of foodborne diseases as a result of poor handling during processing. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance factors of Escherichia coli in TIF plants of the Estado de Mexico. For this, 3 Federal Inspection Type (TIF) plants in Mexico were analyzed, with n = 90 samples, 10 raw meat product (beef, pork and turkey meat), 10 finished meat product and 70 work tools. Eighteen (20%) E. coli strains were isolated (3 raw meat product, 2 finished meat products and 13 work tools (P > 0.05). The E. coli isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin (88.8%), cephalothin (88.8%), carbenicillin (83.3%) and chloramphenicol (61.1%). There was a relationship between E. coli strains resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol and presence of resistance genes Pse-1 4/18 (22%) and floR 4/18 (22%). Five (55.5%) positive isolates to Pse-1 and floR, also exhibit the Cs3 Cs5 genes for the class I integrons. The results indicate that antimicrobial resistance and genetic resistance factors are present in Escherichia coli isolated from food processing plants, suggesting that they can be transmitted to the intestine microbiota of human population by contamination and consumption of improperly processed products and become a risk factor for public health.

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          Most cited references41

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          Diario Oficial de la Federación

          (1995)
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            Antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoid Salmonella serotypes: a global challenge.

            Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoid Salmonella species has been a serious problem for public health worldwide. The high rate of resistance is hampering the use of conventional antibiotics, and growing resistance to newer antimicrobial agents is aggravating the situation. The circumstances of occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are complex; however, a major cause is the widespread use of antimicrobial agents in food animals, particularly in animal feed. Genetic analysis has indicated that the source of resistance is frequently a transferable plasmid. Recent studies have revealed that some serotype-specific virulence plasmids form hybrid plasmids through recombination with resistance plasmids or acquire gene cassettes consisting of multiple resistance genes. Such evolutionary events provide a virulent strain the advantage of survival in an unfavorable drug environment. In view of the serious implications associated with drug-resistant Salmonella species, a more deliberate use of antibiotics in both human medicine and animal industry is warranted. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and use of antimicrobial agents in food animals is also indispensable.
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              Commensal Escherichia coli of healthy humans: a reservoir for antibiotic-resistance determinants.

              This study examined in detail the population structure of Escherichia coli from healthy adults with respect to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and specific resistance determinants. E. coli isolated from the faeces of 20 healthy adults not recently exposed to antibiotics was tested for resistance to ten antibiotics and for carriage of integrons and resistance determinants using PCR. Strain diversity was assessed using biochemical and molecular criteria. E. coli was present in 19 subjects at levels ranging from 2.0×10(4) to 1.7×10(8) c.f.u. (g faeces)(-1). Strains resistant to one to six antibiotics were found at high levels (>30 %) in only ten individuals, but at significant levels (>0.5 %) in 14. Resistant isolates with the same phenotype from the same individual were indistinguishable, but more than one susceptible strain was sometimes found. Overall, individuals harboured one to four E. coli strains, although in 17 samples one strain was dominant (>70 % of isolates). Eighteen strains resistant to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim in 15 different combinations were observed. One resistant strain was carried by two unrelated individuals and a susceptible strain was shared by two cohabiting subjects. Two minority strains were derivatives of a more abundant resistant strain in the same sample, showing that continuous evolution is occurring in vivo. The trimethoprim-resistance genes dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12 or dfrA17 were in cassettes in a class 1 or class 2 integron. Ampicillin resistance was conferred by the bla(TEM) gene, sulfamethoxazole resistance by sul1, sul2 or sul3 and tetracycline resistance by tetA(A) or tetA(B). Chloramphenicol resistance (cmlA1 gene) was detected only once. Phylogenetic groups A and B2 were more common than B1 and D. Commensal E. coli of healthy humans represent an important reservoir for numerous antibiotic-resistance genes in many combinations. However, measuring the true extent of resistance carriage in commensal E. coli requires in-depth analysis.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                vetmex
                Veterinaria México
                Vet. Méx
                Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM (México, DF, Mexico )
                0301-5092
                March 2013
                : 44
                : 1
                : 23-30
                Affiliations
                [02] Distrito Federal orgnameCentro de Estudios e Investigación para el Desarrollo Docente orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia orgdiv2Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal
                Article
                S0301-50922013000100003 S0301-5092(13)04400100003
                edfa80a6-3f64-4afe-9116-934e832908a9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 November 2012
                : 11 June 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                antibiotic multiresistence,multirresistencia antibiótica,Escherichia coli,integrons,integrones

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