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Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an inducible transamidating acyltransferase that catalyzes
Ca(2+)-dependent protein modifications. It acts as a G protein in transmembrane signalling
and as a cell surface adhesion mediator, this distinguishes it from other members
of the transglutaminase family. The sequence motifs and domains revealed in the recent
TG2 structure, can each be assigned distinct cellular functions, including the regulation
of cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and cell death. Ablation of TG2 in mice results in
impaired wound healing, autoimmunity and diabetes, reflecting the number and variety
of TG2 functions. An important role for the enzyme in the pathogenesis of coeliac
disease, fibrosis and neurodegenerative disorders has also been demonstrated, making
TG2 an important therapeutic target.