13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      A revised method for measuring distraction by tactile stimulation

      data-paper

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Sensory hypersensitivity (SH) refers to the tendency to attend to subtle stimuli, to persist in attending to them, and to find them noxious. SH is relatively common in several developmental disorders including Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder (TS/CTD). This study was an attempt to quantify the extent to which a mild tactile stimulus distracts one’s attention in TS/CTD. Fourteen adults with TS/CTD and 14 tic-free control subjects completed questionnaires regarding SH and ADHD, and TS/CTD subjects completed self-report measures of current and past tic disorder symptoms and of current obsessions and compulsions. All subjects performed a sustained attention choice reaction time task during alternating blocks in which a mildly annoying stimulus (von Frey hair) was applied to the ankle (“ON”) or was not applied (“OFF”). We present here the clinical and cognitive task data for each subject.

          Related collections

          Most cited references13

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS): initial psychometric results and examination of the premonitory urge phenomenon in youths with Tic disorders.

          Although motor tics and/or vocal tics are the defining features of chronic tic disorder (CTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS), older youths and adults often report their tics to be preceded by an unpleasant sensation or "premonitory urge." While premonitory urge phenomena may play an important role in behavioral interventions for CTD/TS, standardized assessments for premonitory urges do not exist. The current study of 42 youths with TS or CTD presents initial psychometric data for a new, brief self-report scale designed to measure tic-related premonitory urges. Results showed that the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) was internally consistent (alpha = .81) and temporally stable at 1 (r = 0.79, p < .01) and 2 (r = 0.86, p < .01) weeks. PUTS scores were also correlated with overall tic severity as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS; r = 0.31, p < .05) and the YGTSS number (r = 0.35, p < .05), complexity (r = 0.49, p < .01), and interference (r = 0.36, p < .05) subscales. Finally, an examination of the psychiatric correlates of the premonitory urge phenomenon yielded significant correlations between the PUTS and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) anxiety/depression (r = 0.33, p < .05), and withdrawal (r = 0.38, p < .05) subscales as well as the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS; r = 0.31, p < .05). However, a cross-sectional examination of the data showed that the psychometric properties of the PUTS were not acceptable for youths 10 years of age and younger. Likewise, significant correlations found between the YGTSS subscales, CBCL subscales, CYBOCS, and the PUTS did not emerge in this younger age group. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The Tourette syndrome diagnostic confidence index: development and clinical associations.

            The clinical characteristics of Tourette syndrome (TS) present challenges for the systematic determination of whether individuals are affected and severity. Vocal and motor tics wax and wane, decrease over time, and may be voluntarily suppressible, and therefore may be absent at interview. Current instruments measure symptoms at interview or rate symptom severity only. To minimize error in case ascertainment and produce an instrument measuring lifetime likelihood of having had TS, clinical members of the American Tourette Syndrome Association International Genetic Collaboration developed the Diagnostic Confidence Index (DCI). The expert group worked collaboratively with progressive revision in consensus workshops using existing diagnostic criteria as guidelines. The DCI produces a score from 0 to 100 that is a measure of the likelihood of having or ever having had TS. The DCI was administered to 280 consecutive patients with TS attending a TS clinic; 264 (94%) completed it, indicating high feasibility and acceptability. Its correlation with other instruments and associations with psychopathology provide support for its being a lifetime measure of TS. The DCI is a useful, practicable instrument in the clinic or research practice allowing an assessment of lifetime likelihood of TS. Further work is needed to test the DCI's psychometric properties, such as its validity and reliability in populations of interest.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Sensory sensitivity to external stimuli in Tourette syndrome patients.

              Patients with Tourette Syndrome often state that their sensitivity to sensations is equally or more disruptive than are motor tics. However, their sensory sensitivity is not addressed by standard clinical assessments nor is it a focus of research. This lapse likely results from our limited awareness and understanding of the symptom. In this study (1) we defined the patients' experience of sensitivity to external stimuli in detail, and (2) we tested 2 hypotheses regarding its origin. First, we interviewed in depth and administered a lengthy questionnaire to adult Tourette patients (n = 19) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 19). Eighty percent of patients described heightened sensitivity to external stimuli, with examples among all 5 sensory modalities. Bothersome stimuli were characterized as faint, repetitive or constant, and nonsalient, whereas intense stimuli were well tolerated. We then determined whether the sensitivity could be the result of an increased ability to detect faint stimuli. After measuring the threshold of detection for olfactory and tactile stimuli among the patients and healthy volunteers, we found no significant differences between them for either sensory modality. These results indicate that patients' perceived sensitivity derives from altered central processing rather than enhanced peripheral detection. Last, we assessed one aspect of processing: the perception of intensity. When subjects rated the intensity of near-threshold tactile and olfactory stimuli, there was a surprising difference: Tourette patients more frequently used the lowest range of the scale than did healthy volunteers. Future research is necessary to define the anatomical and physiological basis of the patients' experience of heightened sensitivity. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society. Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                F1000Res
                F1000Res
                F1000Research
                F1000Research
                F1000Research (London, UK )
                2046-1402
                12 August 2014
                2014
                : 3
                : 188
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Arts and Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
                [3 ]Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
                [4 ]Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
                [5 ]Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
                Washington University in St. Louis, USA
                [1 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
                Washington University in St. Louis, USA
                Author notes

                All authors contributed to conception of the study and design of the experiments. JRS and DJG carried out the research. JRS and KJB prepared the first draft of the manuscript. All authors were involved in the revision of the draft manuscript and have agreed to the final content.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Article
                10.5256/f1000research.5280.r6060
                4176419
                ee11ae9e-8725-4889-9bae-301a92554c53
                Copyright: © 2014 Schechter JR et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).

                History
                : 7 August 2014
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health
                Award ID: K24 MH087913
                Award ID: K01 MH104592
                Award ID: P30 CA091842
                Award ID: UL1 TR000448
                Funded by: Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center
                Funded by: Tourette Syndrome Association
                This project was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants K24 MH087913, K01 MH104592, P30 CA091842, UL1 TR000448, the Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, and a Tourette Syndrome Association fellowship (DJG). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the funders.
                The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Data Note
                Articles
                Movement Disorders

                Comments

                Comment on this article