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      Rituales de la x-táabentun (Turbina corymbosa) y de los mayas yucatecos

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          Abstract

          La Turbina corymbosa se distribuye por toda Mesoamérica, es ampliamente conocida en Yucatán y no tiene nombre en español. Se le conoce por su nombre maya como xtabentun o, con su correcta ortografía: x-táabentun. Se han propuesto muchas hipótesis sobre su uso ritual, pero los mayas yucatecos han sido especialmente reservados al respecto. Basándonos en la tradición oral contemporánea, podemos ahora distinguir dos tipos de manejo ritual: uno tiene que ver con rituales realizados por la propia x-táabentun junto con otras plantas de la familia de las Convolvulaceae; el otro, son rituales entre humanos. Por testimonios recogidos en Pixoy, Yucatán, sabemos que se conocen las propiedades alucinógenas de las semillas (cuando es colonizada por un hongo de la familia Clavicipitaceae), así como lo que parece ser el manejo terapéutico de los alcaloides por las parteras mayas. A partir de estos saberes, de relatos sobre plantas, bebidas y semillas conservados en la memoria colectiva, de referencias a sustancias usadas por "adivinos" en fuentes coloniales, y de la identificación de la planta en una vasija maya del periodo Clásico, retomamos las hipótesis de Thompson [1998] y de De la Garza [1990] sobre la existencia de un saber sobre esta planta nativa entre la élite maya y su uso como enteógeno en la antigüedad.

          Translated abstract

          Turbina corymbosa grows throughout Mesoamerica, it is widely known in Yucatan and has no Spanish name. It's known by its Maya name as xtabentun or, correctly spelt, x-táabentun. Many hypotheses have been put forward regarding its ritual use but the yucatecan mayas have been especially reserved about this. Based on contemporary oral tradition, we can now distinguish two types of ritual management of the plant: The first has to do with rituals performed by the x-táabentun itself, together with other plants from the Convolvulaceae family. The second type is carried out by humans. According to testimonials collected in Pixoy, Yucatan, it is clear that the villagers are aware of the hallucinogenic properties of the x-tdabentun seeds (when the plant is colonized by a fungus from the Clavicipitaceae family); and that the midwives also know of the therapeutic value of the alkaloids produced by these (colonized) plants. Following on from this knowledge, we analyze accounts that have been kept in the collective memory about plants, drinks and seeds, as well as colonial sources that refer to substances used by shamans. Finally we present our identification of a x-tdabentun flowering plant on a Maya vase from the Classical period, and we revisit Thompson's [1998] and de la Garza's [1990] hypotheses about the existence amongst the ancient Maya elite of a profound knowledge of this native plant and its use as a entheogen in ancient times.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cuicui
                Cuicuilco
                Cuicuilco
                Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (México, DF, Mexico )
                0185-1659
                April 2012
                : 19
                : 53
                : 257-281
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Yucatán. orgdiv1Unidad de Ciencias Sociales. orgdiv2Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi.
                Article
                S0185-16592012000100012 S0185-1659(12)01905300012
                ee20429a-2b1a-4682-bdec-4da59ae55603

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 25
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                SciELO Mexico

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                flores mayas,rituales mayas,alcaloides,serpiente-visión,x-táabentun,Turbina corymbosa,flowers,rituals,Mayas,alkaloids,serpent-vision,x-tdabentun

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