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      Implantable Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium-Metal Batteries

      , , , , , , , ,
      Chem
      Elsevier BV

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          Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond.

          Kang Xu (2014)
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            "Water-in-salt" electrolyte enables high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion chemistries.

            Lithium-ion batteries raise safety, environmental, and cost concerns, which mostly arise from their nonaqueous electrolytes. The use of aqueous alternatives is limited by their narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 volts), which sets an intrinsic limit on the practical voltage and energy output. We report a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte whose window was expanded to ~3.0 volts with the formation of an electrode-electrolyte interphase. A full lithium-ion battery of 2.3 volts using such an aqueous electrolyte was demonstrated to cycle up to 1000 times, with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency at both low (0.15 coulomb) and high (4.5 coulombs) discharge and charge rates.
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              Is Open Access

              High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode

              Lithium metal is an ideal battery anode. However, dendrite growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during cycling have prevented its practical application in rechargeable batteries. Herein, we report that the use of highly concentrated electrolytes composed of ether solvents and the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt enables the high-rate cycling of a lithium metal anode at high Coulombic efficiency (up to 99.1%) without dendrite growth. With 4 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane as the electrolyte, a lithium|lithium cell can be cycled at 10 mA cm−2 for more than 6,000 cycles, and a copper|lithium cell can be cycled at 4 mA cm−2 for more than 1,000 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.4%. These excellent performances can be attributed to the increased solvent coordination and increased availability of lithium ion concentration in the electrolyte. Further development of this electrolyte may enable practical applications for lithium metal anode in rechargeable batteries.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Chem
                Chem
                Elsevier BV
                24519294
                February 2017
                February 2017
                : 2
                : 2
                : 258-270
                Article
                10.1016/j.chempr.2017.01.003
                ee4b341c-c293-431f-a929-1323af38e5e9
                © 2017
                History

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