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      Respuesta de cerdos en engorde a dietas con soja integral desactivada artesanalmente Translated title: Response of Fattening Pigs to Diets with Whole Beans Handmade Deactivated

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó la respuesta de cerdos a soja desactivada artesanalmente en dietas isoenergéticas e isoproteicas en base a maíz. Se utilizaron 28 machos castrados entre 40 y 105 kg de peso vivo asignados a cuatro tratamientos variando el suplemento proteico: T1: harina de soja, T2: poroto de soja cocido, T3: poroto de soja tostado, T4: poroto de soja crudo. Se evaluaron: consumo diario (CD) y total (CT) de alimento, ganancia diaria de peso (GP), índice de conversión (IC), rendimiento de carcasa (R), largo de res (L), espesor de grasa dorsal (GD), perfil lipídico de la grasa dorsal (PL). Los animales del T4 presentaron menor CD (P£0,01) sin diferencias en el CT. La GP fue mayor (P£0,01) para T1, sin diferencias entre T2 y T3 y menor para T4. T1 tuvo mejor IC que T4 (P£0,01) y T2 y T3 (P£0,05) mientras que T4 fue inferior (P£0,01). No se observaron diferencias en R ni GD, mientras que L fue mayor (P£0,01) para el T1. Se observaron diferencias en PL, con mayor contenido en PUFA y en los ácidos oleico, linoleico y linolénico en los tratamientos incluyendo poroto de soja integral (P£0,01). Se concluye que los tratamientos realizados al grano de soja mejoraron su valor nutricional con respecto al poroto crudo, aunque no se igualaron los resultados de la dieta testigo. Las carcasas provenientes de dietas con poroto de soja integral presentan menor valor industrial, pero mejor valor nutricional para consumo fresco que las basadas en harina de soja.

          Translated abstract

          The response of pigs receiving handmade deactivated soybean in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous corn-based diets was evaluated. Twenty-eight barrows between 40 and 105 kg live weight were assigned to four treatments varying supplemental protein: T1: soybean meal, T2: cooked soybean, T3: roasted soybean, T4: raw soybean. Daily intake (CD) and total intake (CT) of food, daily weight gain (GP), feed conversion index (IC), dressing percentage (R), carcass lenght (L), backfat thickness (GD) and lipid profile of the fat (PL) were evaluated. T4 animals had lower CD (P£0.01) but no differences in CT. The GP was higher (P£0.01) for T1, with no difference between T2 and T3, and less for T4. T1 had better IC than T4 (P£0.01) and T2 and T3 (P£ 0.05), while T4 was lower (P£0.01). No differences were observed for R or GD; while L was higher (P£0.01) for T1. Differences in PL, with higher content of PUFA and oleic, linoleic, linolenic in the treatments including whole soybean (P£0.01) were observed. We concluded that the treatments used to deactive soybeans improved their nutritional value, although the results of the control diet were not achieved. Carcass from diets with whole soybeans have less industrial value, but better nutritional value for fresh consumption than those based on soybean meal.

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          Most cited references52

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          Effect of dietary soybean oil and soybean protein concentration on the concentration of digestible amino acids in soybean products fed to growing pigs.

          An experiment was conducted to measure the effect of adding soybean oil to soybean meal (SBM) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) on apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of CP and AA by growing pigs. A second objective was to compare AID and SID of AA in a new high-protein variety of full fat soybeans (FFSB) to values obtained in other soybean products. Commercial sources of FFSB (FFSB-CV), SBM, and SPC, and of a new high-protein variety of FFSB (FFSB-HP) were used in the experiment. Four diets were prepared using each soybean product as the sole source of CP and AA in 1 diet. Two additional diets were formulated by adding soybean oil (7.55 and 7.35%, respectively) to the diets containing SBM and SPC. A nitrogen-free diet was also used to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The 2 sources of FFSB were extruded at 150 degrees C before being used in the experiment. Seven growing barrows (initial BW = 26.2 kg) were prepared with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a 7 x 7 Latin square design. Ileal digesta were collected from the pigs on d 6 and 7 of each period. All digesta samples were lyophilized and analyzed for DM, CP, AA, and chromium, and values for AID and SID of CP and AA were calculated. The addition of oil improved (P < 0.05) the SID of most indispensable AA in SBM and SPC. The SID for 6 of the indispensable AA in FFSB-HP were greater (P < 0.05) than in FFSB-CV, and the SID for all indispensable AA except Met was greater (P < 0.05) in FFSB-HP than in SBM. However, the SID for most AA in FFSB-HP was similar to SBM with oil and SPC, but these values were lower (P < 0.05) than in SPC with oil. In conclusion, the addition of oil improved the SID of most AA in SBM and SPC fed to growing pigs, and the SID of AA in FFSB-HP were greater than in SBM and similar to the SID of AA in SBM with oil and in SPC.
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            Measuring suitability of soybean products for early-weaned pigs with immunological criteria.

            Two trials were conducted to determine the suitability of soybean products for baby pigs. Weanling pigs (n = 40 and 48 in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) were infused orally (6 g/d) with dried skim milk, soybean meal (SBM, 48% CP); soy protein concentrate, moist extruded soy protein concentrate, or soy protein isolate from d 7 to 12 of age. Pigs were then fed a diet containing the same protein source for 1 (Trial 1) or 2 (Trial 2) wk after weaning (d 21 of age). To avoid exposure of pigs to soybean proteins, the dams of pigs were fed a corn-corn gluten meal-based diet supplemented with lysine and tryptophan from d 109 of gestation. All pigs in Trial 1 were killed at 28 d of age, and samples of ileal digesta and small intestine were obtained. In Trial 2, the soy protein isolate was not included, and all pigs were fed a diet containing 4% soybean oil and 1.25% lysine for the last 3 wk of the trial. Growth performance, skin-fold thickness, after intradermal injection of extracts of the corresponding proteins, and anti-soy immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured. Results indicated that pigs fed diets containing SBM had lower (P less than .05) villus height and xylose absorption but higher (P less than .05) serum anti-soy IgG titers and increased skin-fold thickness compared with the mean of pigs given milk and all other soy treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              Effect of soybean variety and processing on growth performance of young chicks and pigs.

              The objective of this study was to determine whether soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins could be fed effectively to young chicks and pigs. Specifically, we compared the growth performance of chicks and pigs fed diets containing modified soybeans: Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (KF), lectin-free (LF), lectin and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (LFKF), conventional soybeans (CSB), and commercially obtained, dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM). A 7-d chick experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of CSB, KF, LF, LFKF, and SBM. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design, with four replicates, five treatments, and six male chicks per pen (n = 120). The five treatments consisted of 23% CP dextrose-soybean-based diets containing KF, LF, LFKF, CSB, or SBM as the source of dietary protein. A 28-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of CSB, LF, LFKF, and SBM. Pens of four pigs were assigned randomly to a control, corn-SBM, or one of six corn-soybean diets containing raw or extruded soybean varieties as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with five blocks per treatment (n = 140). Chicks fed diets containing any of the raw soybean varieties gained less weight (P < 0.05) than chicks fed SBM (22.81 g/d for SBM vs. 14.17 g/d for the raw soybeans combined). Among the raw soybean treatments, there was a greater effect on growth performance (P < 0.05) by removing both lectins and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (ADG of 16.56 g for LFKF) than by removing each antinutritional factor separately (ADG of 14.38 and 14.11 g for KF and LF, respectively). Pig growth performance was different (P < 0.001) for SBM (ADG of 409 g) and all the varieties when extruded (ADG of 450 g for CSB, 417 g for LF, and 408 g for LFKF) compared with the raw soybean treatments (ADG of 101 g for CSB, 165 g for LF, and 266 g for LFKF). Among the raw soybean treatments, growth performance improved (P = 0.003) as the antinutritional factor, lectin, was removed from the soybean and improved further (P = 0.045) when both lectins and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor were removed. The growth-inhibiting effect of feeding modified soybeans to young animals was more detrimental for pigs than for chicks in our experiments. Soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins cannot be fed successfully to young chicks and pigs without heating.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia Uruguay
                Agrociencia Uruguay
                Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Montevideo )
                2301-1548
                December 2015
                : 19
                : 2
                : 81-92
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de la República Uruguay
                [2 ] Universidad de la República Uruguay
                Article
                S2301-15482015000200011
                ee4f9976-18a3-4624-a879-bbbf7ba42261

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Uruguay

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2301-1548&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY
                AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                AGRONOMY

                Animal agriculture,Agricultural engineering,General agriculture,Agricultural economics & Resource management,Horticulture
                </="font-style: normal"</="font-weight: normal"SWINE NUTRITION,SOYBEANS DEACTIVATION METHODS,CARCASS QUALITY,LIPID PROFILE,ALIMENTACIÓN DE CERDOS,MÉTODOS DE DESACTIVACIÓN DE SOJA,CALIDAD DE CARCASAS,PERFIL LIPÍDICO

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