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      Resultados de una intervención psicoeducativa interdisciplinar con EMDR en pacientes con fibromialgia: experiencia de un centro privado Translated title: Results of an interdisciplinary psychoeducational intervention with EMDR in patients with fibromyalgia: a private center experience

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un protocolo multidisciplinario (psicología, reumatología, medicina del deporte, unidad del sueño y nutrición) en pacientes con fibromialgia. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron los cambios en el estado de ansiedad (objetivo principal), la intensidad del dolor, su repercusión sobre las actividades cotidianas y su limitación subjetiva in situ. El abordaje psicológico incluyó un proceso psicoeducativo como marco general y técnicas de desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR) como instrumento de regulación emocional. Se utilizó un diseño intrasujeto con medidas pre y postestudio, cuyos instrumentos fueron el inventario de ansiedad rasgo (STAI), la dimensión dolor del WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), un test específico de repercusión del dolor en la vida cotidiana (diseñado a propósito) y una escala subjetiva in situ de la intensidad de dolor (escala de Thierry). La utilización de prácticas EMDR (música bilateral y maniobra del abrazo-mariposa o similar) y el grado de satisfacción de las pacientes se valoraron en términos porcentuales al final del estudio. Resultados: Un total de 56 mujeres con una edad media de 51 (± 10) años y edades comprendidas entre los 30 a 73 años fueron estudiadas. Las participantes se distribuyeron desde el año 2016 hasta 2020 en 8 grupos sucesivos de no más de 10 integrantes cada uno. Cada grupo recibió 10 sesiones (una por semana) de una hora y media de duración que se distribuyeron en 6 sesiones de psicología y 1 sesión de reumatología, medicina del deporte, unidad del sueño y nutrición. Los resultados mostraron efectos positivos significativos después del programa, con mejoras post intervención en el estado de ansiedad rasgo (p = 0,0000/p < 0,005) (d = 0,427) intensidad del dolor (p = 0,0003) (d = 0,344), repercusión del dolor (p = 0,0000/p < 0,005) (d = 0,486) y en la sensación subjetiva de la intensidad del dolor (sin pacientes refiriendo "dolor muy importante"). Al final del estudio, 46 pacientes (83 %) habían adoptado EMDR (práctica autoadministrada) para reducir ansiedad y dolor y, además, se reportó un elevado grado de satisfacción post la intervención. Conclusión: Un abordaje multidisciplinar basado en una intervención psicoeducativa general y en técnicas de EMDR autoadministrado podría contribuir a suavizar el impacto sintomático de la fibromialgia.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary protocol (psychology, rheumatology, sports medicine, sleep unit and nutrition) in patients with fibromyalgia. Material and methods: Changes in the state of anxiety (main objective), intensity of pain, its impact on daily activities and "in situ" subjective limitations, were evaluated. The psychological approach included a psychoeducational process as a general framework and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing techniques (EMDR) as an instrument of emotional regulation. An intra-subject design was used with pre and post-study measurements whose instruments were the trait anxiety inventory (STAI), the WOMAC pain dimension (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), a specific test measuring the impact of pain on daily life activities (designed on purpose) and a subjective "in situ" scale of pain intensity (Thierry scale). The use of EMDR practices (bilateral music, the butterfly-hug manoeuvre or similar) and the degree of patient satisfaction were assessed in percentage terms at the end of the study Results: A total of 56 women with a mean age of 51 (± 10) years and aged between 30 to 73 years were studied. The participants were distributed from 2016 to 2020 in 8 successive groups of no more than 10 members per group. Each group received 10 sessions (one per week) lasting an hour and a half that were divided into 6 sessions of psychology and 1 session of rheumatology, sports medicine, sleep unit and nutrition. The results showed significant positive effects after the program, with post-intervention improvements in the state of trait anxiety (p = 0.0000/p < 0.005) (d = 0.427) intensity of pain (p = 0.0003) (d = 0.344), impact of pain on daily activities (p = 0.0000/p < 0.005) (d = 0.486) and in the subjective sensation of pain intensity (no patients exhibiting "very significant pain"). At the end of the study, 46 patients (83 %) had adopted EMDR (self-administered practice) to reduce anxiety and pain and in addition, a high degree of satisfaction post- intervention was reported. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach based on a general psychoeducational intervention and a self-administered EMDR technique could help to soften the symptomatic impact of fibromyalgia.

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          The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity.

          To develop simple, practical criteria for clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia that are suitable for use in primary and specialty care and that do not require a tender point examination, and to provide a severity scale for characteristic fibromyalgia symptoms. We performed a multicenter study of 829 previously diagnosed fibromyalgia patients and controls using physician physical and interview examinations, including a widespread pain index (WPI), a measure of the number of painful body regions. Random forest and recursive partitioning analyses were used to guide the development of a case definition of fibromyalgia, to develop criteria, and to construct a symptom severity (SS) scale. Approximately 25% of fibromyalgia patients did not satisfy the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 classification criteria at the time of the study. The most important diagnostic variables were WPI and categorical scales for cognitive symptoms, unrefreshed sleep, fatigue, and number of somatic symptoms. The categorical scales were summed to create an SS scale. We combined the SS scale and the WPI to recommend a new case definition of fibromyalgia: (WPI > or =7 AND SS > or =5) OR (WPI 3-6 AND SS > or =9). This simple clinical case definition of fibromyalgia correctly classifies 88.1% of cases classified by the ACR classification criteria, and does not require a physical or tender point examination. The SS scale enables assessment of fibromyalgia symptom severity in persons with current or previous fibromyalgia, and in those to whom the criteria have not been applied. It will be especially useful in the longitudinal evaluation of patients with marked symptom variability.
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            EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia.

            The original European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for managing fibromyalgia assessed evidence up to 2005. The paucity of studies meant that most recommendations were 'expert opinion'.
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              The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee.

              To develop criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia, we studied 558 consecutive patients: 293 patients with fibromyalgia and 265 control patients. Interviews and examinations were performed by trained, blinded assessors. Control patients for the group with primary fibromyalgia were matched for age and sex, and limited to patients with disorders that could be confused with primary fibromyalgia. Control patients for the group with secondary-concomitant fibromyalgia were matched for age, sex, and concomitant rheumatic disorders. Widespread pain (axial plus upper and lower segment plus left- and right-sided pain) was found in 97.6% of all patients with fibromyalgia and in 69.1% of all control patients. The combination of widespread pain and mild or greater tenderness in greater than or equal to 11 of 18 tender point sites yielded a sensitivity of 88.4% and a specificity of 81.1%. Primary fibromyalgia patients and secondary-concomitant fibromyalgia patients did not differ statistically in any major study variable, and the criteria performed equally well in patients with and those without concomitant rheumatic conditions. The newly proposed criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia are 1) widespread pain in combination with 2) tenderness at 11 or more of the 18 specific tender point sites. No exclusions are made for the presence of concomitant radiographic or laboratory abnormalities. At the diagnostic or classification level, the distinction between primary fibromyalgia and secondary-concomitant fibromyalgia (as defined in the text) is abandoned.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                June 2021
                : 28
                : 3
                : 119-128
                Affiliations
                [1] Sabadell, Barcelona orgnameHospital Quirónsalud del Vallés orgdiv1Unidad de Psicología España
                [6] Sabadell, Barcelona orgnameHospital Quirónsalud del Vallés España
                [4] Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona orgnameHospital Universitario General de Cataluña orgdiv1Unidad del Sueño Dr. Estivill España
                [2] Sabadell, Barcelona orgnameHospital Quirónsalud del Vallés orgdiv1Servicio de Reumatología España
                [3] Sabadell, Barcelona orgnameHospital Quirónsalud del Vallés orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Deportiva España
                [5] Sabadell, Barcelona orgnameHospital Quirónsalud del Vallés orgdiv1Servicio de Nutrición y Dietología España
                Article
                S1134-80462021000400119 S1134-8046(21)02800300119
                10.20986/resed.2021.3897/2021
                ee5e4f6a-9ec1-4734-b50b-02b16c4fb87d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 January 2021
                : 21 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Fibromialgia,EMDR,psicoeducación,psychoeducation,Fibromyalgia

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