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      Analysis of the Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Decision Making in Adolescent Students

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          Abstract

          Adolescents are frequently faced with situations in which they have to make decisions by choosing from a range of possible alternatives. In such circumstances, individual, social, and environmental conditions have an impact on the choice of the final decision in light of the various options presented. The main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the psychological well-being of adolescent students and their decision-making style. The research method used corresponds to an ex post facto, quantitative, transversal, correlational, and descriptive design, with an initial sample of 1,262 students from the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain, aged 13–19. A subsequent resampling of 385 participants was extracted from the initial sample by proportional allocation to strata (according to the levels of the variables gender, academic year, and educational institution classification) to guarantee the representativeness of the population data. Data collection uses the first Spanish adaptation of Ryff's Psychological well-being Scale and the Flinders Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire, adapted by Friedman and Mann. The data shows that greater use of adaptive decision-making strategies correlates significantly with greater psychological well-being. In contrast, the correlation is high and negative at the intersection of the maladaptive decision-making variables and psychological well-being.

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          Awe expands people's perception of time, alters decision making, and enhances well-being.

          When do people feel as if they are rich in time? Not often, research and daily experience suggest. However, three experiments showed that participants who felt awe, relative to other emotions, felt they had more time available (Experiments 1 and 3) and were less impatient (Experiment 2). Participants who experienced awe also were more willing to volunteer their time to help other people (Experiment 2), more strongly preferred experiences over material products (Experiment 3), and experienced greater life satisfaction (Experiment 3). Mediation analyses revealed that these changes in decision making and well-being were due to awe's ability to alter the subjective experience of time. Experiences of awe bring people into the present moment, and being in the present moment underlies awe's capacity to adjust time perception, influence decisions, and make life feel more satisfying than it would otherwise.
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            The construct validity of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being

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              The competency of children and adolescents to make informed treatment decisions.

              This study was a test for developmental differences in competency to make informed treatment decisions. 96 subjects, 24 (12 males and 12 females) at each of 4 age levels (9, 14, 18, and 21), were administered a measure developed to assess competency according to 4 legal standards. The measure included 4 hypothetical treatment dilemmas and a structured interview protocol. Overall, 14-year-olds did not differ from adults. 9-year-olds appeared less competent than adults with respect to their ability to reason about and understand the treatment information provided in the dilemmas. However, they did not differ from older subjects in their expression of reasonable preferences regarding treatment. It is concluded that the findings do not support the denial of the right of self-determination to adolescents in health-care situations on the basis of a presumption of incapacity. Further, children as young as 9 appear able to participate meaningfully in personal health-care decision making.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                10 July 2020
                2020
                : 11
                : 1195
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, Universidad Europea de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
                [2] 2Department of Education and Social Psychology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Seville, Spain
                [3] 3Department of Pedagogy, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
                Author notes

                Edited by: Teresita Bernal Romero, Santo Tomás University, Colombia

                Reviewed by: Tonys Romero, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Nicaragua; Juana María Anguita, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain

                *Correspondence: Javier Páez-Gallego javier.paez@ 123456universidadeuropea.es

                This article was submitted to Educational Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01195
                7365919
                ee6cfd57-636e-4a25-aa38-9e43fcfaf5e6
                Copyright © 2020 Páez-Gallego, Gallardo-López, López-Noguero and Rodrigo-Moriche.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 17 February 2020
                : 07 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 13, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 13, Words: 10709
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                psychological well-being,decision-making,adolescents,gender,adaptive strategies,maladaptive strategies

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