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      Hallmarks of the Mott-metal crossover in the hole-doped pseudospin-1/2 Mott insulator Sr 2IrO 4

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          Abstract

          The physics of doped Mott insulators remains controversial after decades of active research, hindered by the interplay among competing orders and fluctuations. It is thus highly desired to distinguish the intrinsic characters of the Mott-metal crossover from those of other origins. Here we investigate the evolution of electronic structure and dynamics of the hole-doped pseudospin-1/2 Mott insulator Sr 2IrO 4. The effective hole doping is achieved by replacing Ir with Rh atoms, with the chemical potential immediately jumping to or near the top of the lower Hubbard band. The doped iridates exhibit multiple iconic low-energy features previously observed in doped cuprates—pseudogaps, Fermi arcs and marginal-Fermi-liquid-like electronic scattering rates. We suggest these signatures are most likely an integral part of the material's proximity to the Mott state, rather than from many of the most claimed mechanisms, including preformed electron pairing, quantum criticality or density-wave formation.

          Abstract

          The physics of Mott insulators is obscured by the interplay between competing orders and fluctuations. Here, the authors track the evolution of the electronic structure of Mott insulator strontium iridate as the iridium atoms are replaced by rhodium, providing insight into this exotic state of matter.

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          Phase-sensitive observation of a spin-orbital Mott state in Sr2IrO4.

          Measurement of the quantum-mechanical phase in quantum matter provides the most direct manifestation of the underlying abstract physics. We used resonant x-ray scattering to probe the relative phases of constituent atomic orbitals in an electronic wave function, which uncovers the unconventional Mott insulating state induced by relativistic spin-orbit coupling in the layered 5d transition metal oxide Sr2IrO4. A selection rule based on intra-atomic interference effects establishes a complex spin-orbital state represented by an effective total angular momentum = 1/2 quantum number, the phase of which can lead to a quantum topological state of matter.
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            Mott Insulators in the Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling Limit: From Heisenberg to a Quantum Compass and Kitaev Models

            We study the magnetic interactions in Mott-Hubbard systems with partially filled \(t_{2g}\)-levels and with strong spin-orbit coupling. The latter entangles the spin and orbital spaces, and leads to a rich variety of the low energy Hamiltonians that extrapolate from the Heisenberg to a quantum compass model depending on the lattice geometry. This gives way to "engineer" in such Mott insulators an exactly solvable spin model by Kitaev relevant for quantum computation. We, finally, explain "weak" ferromagnetism, with an anomalously large ferromagnetic moment, in Sr\(_2\)IrO\(_4\).
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              Magnetic Field-Tuned Quantum Criticality in the Metallic Ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7

              The concept of quantum criticality is proving to be central to attempts to understand the physics of strongly correlated electrons. Here, we argue that observations on the itinerant metamagnet Sr3Ru2O7 represent good evidence for a new class of quantum critical point, arising when the critical end point terminating a line of first-order transitions is depressed toward zero temperature. This is of interest both in its own right and because of the convenience of having a quantum critical point for which the tuning parameter is the magnetic field. The relationship between the resultant critical fluctuations and novel behavior very near the critical field is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group
                2041-1723
                22 April 2016
                2016
                : 7
                : 11367
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
                [2 ]Department of Physics, Incheon National University , Incheon 22012, Korea
                [3 ]Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
                [4 ]Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
                [5 ]Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
                Author notes
                [*]

                Present address: Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA

                [†]

                Present address: Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-158X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-8494
                Article
                ncomms11367
                10.1038/ncomms11367
                4844699
                27102065
                ee99f5b5-fc56-4410-a6a3-c3dde4ef3ab4
                Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 13 October 2015
                : 20 March 2016
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