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      Rubidium, Salami and Depression

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          Abstract

          Background: Depression may induce malnutrition, but, as a paradoxical hypothesis, malnutrition may induce depression. This relationship, of course, depends on how we define malnutrition. Current Knowledge: Rubidium is a trace element strongly linked with depression, and is deficient in uremia sufferers. However, in uremic patients, rubidium deficiency is more evident during predialysis, as it is at least partially corrected during dialysis and after transplantation. It seems that diet restrictions might be the main cause of rubidium deficiency, as it is mainly found in red meat. Conclusion: If rubidium is found in salami, then the occasional slice could be more beneficial for people suffering from depression than taking a lot of medication.

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          Most cited references22

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          The effects of nutrients on mood.

          A recent major theory was that a meal high in carbohydrate increased the rate that tryptophan enters the brain, leading to an increase in the level of the neurotransmitter serotonin that modulates mood. Although such a mechanism may be important under laboratory conditions it is unlikely to be of significance following the eating of any typical meal. As little as 2-4% of the calories of a meal as protein will prevent an increased availability of tryptophan. Arguably the food with the greatest impact on mood is chocolate. Those who crave chocolate tend to do so when they feel emotionally low. There have been a series of suggestions that chocolate's mood elevating properties reflect 'drug-like' constituents including anandamines, caffeine, phenylethylamine and magnesium. However, the levels of these substances are so low as to preclude such influences. As all palatable foods stimulate endorphin release in the brain this is the most likely mechanism to account for the elevation of mood. A deficiency of many vitamins is associated with psychological symptoms. In some elderly patients folate deficiency is associated with depression. In four double-blind studies an improvement in thiamine status was associated with improved mood. Iron deficiency anaemia is common, particularly in women, and is associated with apathy, depression and rapid fatigue when exercising.
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            Association of depression with malnutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients.

            Depression is the most common psychological complication and may increase mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Because depression could be associated with poor oral intake and activation of proinflammatory cytokines that could further increase mortality by malnutrition, we investigated the relation between depression and nutritional status in chronic hemodialysis patients. Sixty-two Korean patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire, and the diagnosis of depression was confirmed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for major depressive disorder. Nutritional status was evaluated using serum albumin level, normalized protein catabolic rate, subjective global assessment (SGA), and anthropometric measurement. Mean BDI score was 22.7 +/- 11.4, and 35 patients (56.5%) had a BDI score greater than 21, which is the suggested cutoff score for the diagnosis of depression for the Korean population. Of 40 patients who had a score higher than 18 on the BDI, 34 patients met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder. BDI score correlated negatively with a variety of nutritional parameters: serum albumin level (r = -0.47; P < 0.001), normalized protein catabolic rate (r = -0.32; P < 0.05), SGA (r = -0.47; P < 0.01), triceps skinfold thickness (r = -0.40; P < 0.05), midarm muscle circumference (r = -0.57; P < 0.01), and body mass index (r = -0.28; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis also identified BDI score as an independent determinant for all kinds of nutritional parameters. In patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy, depression is related closely to nutritional status and could be an independent risk factor for malnutrition.
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              Antioxidant activity of South African red and white cultivar wines: free radical scavenging.

              The free radical scavenging activity of South African red (n = 46) and white (n = 40) cultivar wines was determined using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothialozinesulfonic acid) radical cations (ABTS(.+)) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH.). The total antioxidant activities (TAA) of red and white wines using ABTS(.+) were 14.916 and 0.939 mM Trolox, respectively, at corresponding total phenol (TP) contents of 2339.0 and 273.8 mg of gallic acid equiv/L. Ruby Cabernet wines had the lowest TAA(ABTS) (13.177 mM Trolox) of the red wines, whereas the TAA(ABTS) values of Chardonnay and Chenin blanc wines were the highest (1.060 mM Trolox) and lowest (0.800 mM Trolox) of the white wines. The TAA(DPPH) values were of the same magnitude as the TAA(ABTS) values, and similar trends were observed. TAA correlated (P < 0.001) with total phenol content of red (r = 0.935) and white (r = 0.907) wines, as well as flavanol content of red wines (r = 0.866) and tartaric acid ester content of white wines (r = 0.767). Canonical discriminant analysis using phenolic composition and antioxidant activity was applied to differentiate between red and white cultivar wines.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BPU
                Blood Purif
                10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Blood Purification
                S. Karger AG
                0253-5068
                1421-9735
                2008
                July 2008
                06 May 2008
                : 26
                : 4
                : 311-314
                Affiliations
                aNephrology and Transplantation, Department of Nephro-Urology, Amedeo Avogadro University, Novara, bNephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Asti Hospital, Asti, cNephrology Section, University of Turin, and dEuropean Commission, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy
                Article
                129657 Blood Purif 2008;26:311–314
                10.1159/000129657
                18460869
                eec90c89-73b1-4f96-bc2f-fe132a785573
                © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                References: 41, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Special Editorial

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Dialysis,Malnutrition, quality of life,Depression,Rubidium
                Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Dialysis, Malnutrition, quality of life, Depression, Rubidium

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