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      Percepción de la atención sanitaria en la primera experiencia de maternidad y paternidad Translated title: Perception of health care in the first experience of motherhood and fatherhood

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Conocer las percepciones de madres y padres primerizas/os sobre la atención sanitaria recibida durante la transición hacia la maternidad y la paternidad. Método Estudio cualitativo basado en 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete mujeres que conformaron un grupo de autoayuda y cinco de sus parejas, en Segovia (2018-2019). Se realizó un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Resultados Se identificaron cinco categorías: (1) atención sanitaria recibida durante la etapa prenatal; (2) atención sanitaria recibida durante el parto; (3) cuidados en el posparto dirigidos a las mujeres; (4) respuesta sanitaria durante la crianza; y (5) gestación y beneficios de un grupo de autoayuda. En el periodo prenatal precisaron recibir más información respecto al parto y el posparto, y una preparación que las/los apoyara en esta transición. En el parto se produjo un incumplimiento de expectativas respecto a la atención sanitaria recibida. En el posparto manifestaron la necesidad de un mayor seguimiento a las mujeres desde una perspectiva biopsicosocial. En las consultas pediátricas, se reportó la importancia de fomentar la participación de los padres. Las mujeres manifestaron que actualmente no existen prestaciones sanitarias que favorezcan el establecimiento de redes de apoyo y espacios seguros donde expresar sus sentimientos y emociones. Conclusiones Es necesario reformular espacios ya existentes en el sistema sanitario, como las clases de preparación al parto y los grupos de apoyo a la lactancia materna, y a su vez implementar nuevas estrategias. Asimismo, es imprescindible reforzar la atención sanitaria integral y humanizada, que fomente la participación de los padres.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To explore the perceptions of new mothers and fathers about the health care received during the transition to parenthood. Method Qualitative study based on 12 semi-structured interviews with seven women who conformed a self-help group, and five of their partners, in Segovia, Spain (2018-2019). A qualitative content analysis was used. Results Five categories were identified: (1) health care received during the prenatal stage; (2) health care received during childbirth; (3) postpartum care for women; (4) health response during parenting; and (5) gestation and benefits of a self-help group. In the prenatal period they needed more information about childbirth and postpartum and preparation to support them in the transition to parenthood. In childbirth, there was a failure to meet expectations regarding the health care received. In the postpartum period, they expressed the need for greater follow-up of women from a biopsychosocial perspective. In pediatric visits, the importance of encouraging the participation of fathers was reported. Women stated that there are currently no health benefits that favor the establishment of support networks and safe spaces where they can express their feelings and emotions. Conclusions It is necessary to reformulate existing spaces such as childbirth preparation classes and breastfeeding support groups, and to implement new strategies from the health care point of view. It is also essential to reinforce comprehensive, humanized health care that encourages parental involvement.

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          Most cited references34

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          Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness.

          Qualitative content analysis as described in published literature shows conflicting opinions and unsolved issues regarding meaning and use of concepts, procedures and interpretation. This paper provides an overview of important concepts (manifest and latent content, unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, abstraction, content area, code, category and theme) related to qualitative content analysis; illustrates the use of concepts related to the research procedure; and proposes measures to achieve trustworthiness (credibility, dependability and transferability) throughout the steps of the research procedure. Interpretation in qualitative content analysis is discussed in light of Watzlawick et al.'s [Pragmatics of Human Communication. A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, London] theory of communication.
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            Naturalistic Inquiry

            "Showing how science is limited by its dominant mode of investigation, Lincoln and Guba propose an alternative paradigm--a "naturalistic" rather than "rationalistic" method of inquiry--in which the investigator avoids manipulating research outcomes. A "paradigm shift" is under way in many fields, they contend, and go on to describe the different assumptions of the two approaches regarding the nature of reality, subject-object interaction, the possibility of generalization, the concept of causality, and the role of values. The authors also offer guidance for research in the field (where, they say, naturalistic inquiry always takes place). Useful tips are given, for example, on "designing" a study as it unfolds, establishing "trustworthiness," and writing a case report. This book helps researchers "both to understand and to do naturalistic inquiry." Of particular interest to educational researchers, it is valuable for all social scientists involved with questions of qualitative and quantitative methodology."--Publisher's description.
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              Social support during the postpartum period: mothers' views on needs, expectations, and mobilization of support.

              Research has indicated that social support is a major buffer of postpartum depression. Yet little is known concerning women's perceptions on social support during the postpartum period. The objective of this study was to explore postpartum women's views and experiences with social support following childbirth. Four focus groups were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of women (n = 33) in a large urban teaching hospital in New York City. Participants had completed participation in a postpartum depression randomized trial and were 6-12 months postpartum. Data transcripts were reviewed and analyzed for themes. The main themes identified in the focus group discussions were mother's major needs and challenges postpartum, social support expectations and providers of support, how mothers mobilize support, and barriers to mobilizing support. Women across all groups identified receipt of instrumental support as essential to their physical and emotional recovery. Support from partners and families was expected and many women believed this support should be provided without asking. Racial/ethnic differences existed in the way women from different groups mobilized support from their support networks. Instrumental support plays a significant role in meeting women's basic needs during the postpartum period. In addition, women's expectations surrounding support can have an impact on their ability to mobilize support among their social networks. The results of this study suggest that identifying support needs and expectations of new mothers is important for mothers' recovery after childbirth. Future postpartum depression prevention efforts should integrate a strong focus on social support.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                October 2022
                : 36
                : 5
                : 425-432
                Affiliations
                [1] Lleida Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Lleida orgdiv1Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Spain
                [4] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería Spain
                [5] orgnameCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública España
                [2] Lleida orgnameInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida orgdiv1Grup de Recerca en Cures en Salut (GRECS) Spain
                [3] Lleida Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Lleida orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Educación y Cultura (GESEC Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112022000500004 S0213-9111(22)03600500004
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.12.005
                35221116
                eecbd73e-514f-48a1-984c-9e9fc05af57a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 December 2021
                : 21 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                España,Mothers,Fathers,Prenatal care,Postnatal care,Self-help groups,Qualitative research,Spain,Madres,Padres,Atención prenatal,Atención posnatal,Grupos de autoayuda,Investigación cualitativa

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