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      Culture Conditions stimulating high γ-Linolenic Acid accumulation by Spirulina platensis

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          Abstract

          Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production by Spirulina platensis under different stress-inducing conditions was studied. Submerged culture studies showed that low temperature (25°C), strong light intensity (6 klux) and primrose oil supplement (0.8%w/v) induced 13.2 mg/g, 14.6 mg/g and 13.5 mg linolenic acid per gram dry cell weight respectively. A careful observation of fatty acid profile of the cyanobacteria shows that, oleic acid and linoleic acid, in experiments with varying growth temperature and oil supplements respectively, helped in accumulating excess γ-linolenic acid. In addition, cultures grown at increasing light regimes maintained the γ-linolenic acid to the total fatty acid ratio(GLA/TFA) constant, despite any change in γ-linolenic acid content of the cyanobacteria.

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          Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters

          Michael Borowitzka (1999)
          Article 0 comments Cited 190 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            gamma-Linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

            Bryan E Jacobson, Maria Rossetti, M Laposata … (1996)
            To assess the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a plant seed oil-derived unsaturated fatty acid that suppresses inflammation and joint tissue injury in animal models, in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fifty-six patients with active RA were randomized to treatment groups in a 6-month, double-blind trial of GLA versus placebo. This was followed by a 6-month, single-blind trial during which all patients received GLA. Patients were treated with 2.8 gm/day of GLA as the free fatty acid or with sunflower seed oil (placebo) administered in identical capsules. Treatment with GLA for 6 months resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant reductions in the signs and symptoms of disease activity in patients with RA. Overall meaningful responses (at least 25% improvement in 4 measures) were also better in the GLA treatment group (14 of 22 patients versus 4 of 19 in the placebo group; P = 0.015). During the second 6 months, both groups exhibited improvement in disease activity. Thus, patients taking GLA during the entire study showed progressive improvement during the second 6 months. In this group, 16 of 21 patients showed meaningful improvement at 12 months compared with study entry. GLA at doses used in this study is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for active RA. GLA is available as a component of several plant seed oils and is usually taken in far lower doses than were used in this trial. It is not approved in the United States for the treatment of any condition, and should not be viewed as therapy for any disease. Further controlled studies of its in RA are warranted.
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              Development in lipid analysis: some new extraction techniques and in situ transesterification.

              Gabriela B. C. Garcia, Ana I Carrapiso (2000)
              The development of methods for analyzing fatty acids that provide rapid and reliable results is currently in great demand. Recently, different lipid extraction procedures such as microwave or supercritical fluid extraction have heen researched. Both procedures avoid the use of large volumes of solvents and provide rapid lipid isolations. Only a few papers have reported work on microwave extraction, hut many studies ahout supercritical fluid extraction have heen carried out and have heen gaining acceptance within the scientific community. Avoiding the lipid isolation step, hy synthesizing fatty acid esters hy simultaneous lipid extraction and derivatization through in situ reactions, has also heen proposed. The saving of time and reagents is significant. Owing to the differences among the procedures, some knowledge of their characteristics is essential in order to improve methods and achieve reliable and accurate results. Clearly, results depend on factors such as the type of catalysis selected, the use of nonpolar solvents, heating applied during the synthesis, and the degree of suitability of the procedure chosen for the particular features of each sample.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Braz J Microbiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Braz. J. Microbiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bjm
                Journal ID (pmc): bjm
                Title: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia
                ISSN (Print): 1517-8382
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4405
                Publication date (Print): Oct-Dec 2008
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2008
                Volume: 39
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 693-697
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Koneru Lakshmaiah College of Engineering, Vaddeswaram , Guntur-522502, A.P, India
                [2 ]University Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga , Mumbai-400 019, M.H, India
                Author notes
                *Corresponding Author. Mailing address: University Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, M.H, India. Tel.: +919966380444. E-mail: srinus4@ 123456rediffmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1517-838220080004000018
                DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838220080004000018
                PMC ID: 3768453
                PubMed ID: 24031291
                SO-VID: eed29ff5-36db-4756-bcc2-d9a89c6864eb
                Copyright © © Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia
                License:

                All the content of the journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons License

                History
                Date received : 02 September 2007
                Date revision received : 06 December 2007
                Date accepted : 02 November 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Industrial Microbiology
                Subject: Research Paper

                Keywords: gamma linolenic acid,light intensity,oil supplementation,temperature
                Data availability:
                Keywords: gamma linolenic acid, light intensity, oil supplementation, temperature

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