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      Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature.

      1 ,
      Science (New York, N.Y.)
      American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Abstract

          Herbivore attack is known to increase the emission of volatiles, which attract predators to herbivore-damaged plants in the laboratory and agricultural systems. We quantified volatile emissions from Nicotiana attenuata plants growing in natural populations during attack by three species of leaf-feeding herbivores and mimicked the release of five commonly emitted volatiles individually. Three compounds (cis-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, and cis-alpha-bergamotene) increased egg predation rates by a generalist predator; linalool and the complete blend decreased lepidopteran oviposition rates. As a consequence, a plant could reduce the number of herbivores by more than 90% by releasing volatiles. These results confirm that indirect defenses can operate in nature.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Science
          Science (New York, N.Y.)
          American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
          0036-8075
          0036-8075
          Mar 16 2001
          : 291
          : 5511
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany.
          Article
          291/5511/2141
          10.1126/science.291.5511.2141
          11251117
          eed9712e-9705-4699-b8d2-2841e0623f5a
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