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      A Comprehensive Study about the Role of Crosslink Density on the Tribological Behavior of DLC Coated Rubber

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          Abstract

          The friction and wear behavior of coated rubber components is strongly dependent on the substrate properties. This work deals with the impact of the crosslink density, i.e., the hardness of the rubber substrate on the tribological performance of uncoated and coated rubber. The hardness of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is varied altering the sulfur content. Both the uncoated and coated rubber samples are characterized in terms of surface and mechanical properties. Tribological tests comprise the examination of the macroscopic contact area and the temperature in the contact zone. It was found that the functional layer enhances the wear resistance significantly. Apparently, the wear and friction behavior of the coated rubber correlates with the hardness and the bulk properties of the substrate material.

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          Most cited references42

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          An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments

          The indentation load-displacement behavior of six materials tested with a Berkovich indenter has been carefully documented to establish an improved method for determining hardness and elastic modulus from indentation load-displacement data. The materials included fused silica, soda–lime glass, and single crystals of aluminum, tungsten, quartz, and sapphire. It is shown that the load–displacement curves during unloading in these materials are not linear, even in the initial stages, thereby suggesting that the flat punch approximation used so often in the analysis of unloading data is not entirely adequate. An analysis technique is presented that accounts for the curvature in the unloading data and provides a physically justifiable procedure for determining the depth which should be used in conjunction with the indenter shape function to establish the contact area at peak load. The hardnesses and elastic moduli of the six materials are computed using the analysis procedure and compared with values determined by independent means to assess the accuracy of the method. The results show that with good technique, moduli can be measured to within 5%.
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            Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon

            Physical Review B, 61(20), 14095-14107
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              Raman spectroscopy of amorphous, nanostructured, diamond-like carbon, and nanodiamond.

              Raman spectroscopy is a standard characterization technique for any carbon system. Here we review the Raman spectra of amorphous, nanostructured, diamond-like carbon and nanodiamond. We show how to use resonant Raman spectroscopy to determine structure and composition of carbon films with and without nitrogen. The measured spectra change with varying excitation energy. By visible and ultraviolet excitation measurements, the G peak dispersion can be derived and correlated with key parameters, such as density, sp(3) content, elastic constants and chemical composition. We then discuss the assignment of the peaks at 1150 and 1480 cm(-1) often observed in nanodiamond. We review the resonant Raman, isotope substitution and annealing experiments, which lead to the assignment of these peaks to trans-polyacetylene.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                30 November 2020
                December 2020
                : 13
                : 23
                : 5460
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany; dominik.paulkowski@ 123456ifam.fraunhofer.de (D.P.); bernd.mayer@ 123456ifam.fraunhofer.de (B.M.)
                [2 ]Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden IPF, 01069 Dresden, Germany; stoeckelhuber@ 123456ipfdd.de
                [3 ]Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik BIBA, 28359 Bremen, Germany; sta@ 123456biba.uni-bremen.de
                [4 ]Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: suleyman.bayrak@ 123456ifam.fraunhofer.de ; Tel.: +49-421-2246-554; Fax: +49-421-2246-430
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2525-2485
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-6333
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-3617
                Article
                materials-13-05460
                10.3390/ma13235460
                7731323
                33266279
                eee30356-0153-44f3-8044-932863300e44
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 20 October 2020
                : 27 November 2020
                Categories
                Article

                rubber materials,rubber friction,plasma technology,dlc coating,polymer characterization,elastomer surface,tribology

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