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      A Prospective Examination of the Relations between Emotional Abuse and Anxiety: Moderation by Distress Tolerance

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Anxiety, the most common and impairing psychological problem experienced by youth, is associated with numerous individual and environmental factors. Two such factors include childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and low distress tolerance (DT). The current study aimed to understand how CEA and low DT impacted anxiety symptoms measured annually across five years among a community sample of youth. We hypothesized DT would moderate the relationship between CEA and anxiety, such that youth with higher levels of CEA and lower levels of DT would have elevated anxiety over time.

          Method

          Community youth ( N = 244) were annually assessed across five years using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress.

          Results

          Higher CEA at baseline was associated with higher anxiety at baseline, higher anxiety at each annual assessment, and with greater overall decreases in anxiety over time. Lower DT was associated with higher anxiety at baseline, but did not predict changes in anxiety over time. Baseline DT significantly moderated the relationship between baseline CEA and anxiety, such that youth with both higher CEA and lower DT had the highest anxiety at each annual assessment.

          Conclusions

          Youth with lower DT and higher CEA scores had the highest level of anxiety symptoms across time.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          100894724
          22453
          Prev Sci
          Prev Sci
          Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research
          1389-4986
          1573-6695
          9 August 2016
          January 2017
          01 January 2018
          : 18
          : 1
          : 20-30
          Affiliations
          [1 ]National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
          [2 ]Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park 1147 Biology Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742
          [3 ]Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 2103 Cole Student Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
          [4 ]College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Strong Hall, Room 200, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049
          Author notes
          Corresponding author contact information: Anne Banducci, National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States anne.banducci@ 123456gmail.com
          Article
          PMC5235984 PMC5235984 5235984 nihpa809162
          10.1007/s11121-016-0691-y
          5235984
          27501698
          ef072be7-4fa6-43b8-99d3-e771ac862201
          History
          Categories
          Article

          anxiety,longitudinal,childhood emotional abuse,distress tolerance,gender

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