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      Instrument for stress-related job analysis for hospital physicians: validation of a short version

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          Abstract

          Background

          Working conditions in hospitals may endanger physicians' health and impair patient care. For this reason, an instrument was developed in the form of a questionnaire, in order to record problems in physicians' working conditions and to suggest possible ways of improving them.

          Methods

          A survey was performed with 571 hospital physicians. The questionnaire used is a shortened version of the extensive Instrument for Stress-related Job Analysis for Hospital Physicians. This short version contains 14 scales with 30 items on stressors and resources. For validation purposes, several scales were also used for well-being.

          Results

          The factor structure of the short version of the instrument for hospital physicians was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's α and the analyses of interrater agreement with the parameter r wg(J) largely gave moderate to good results. The intercorrelations between the scales are mostly slight to moderate, indicating that the scales are largely independent. The bivariate correlations with different well-being variables are highly significant for most questionnaire scales. In multiple hierarchical regression analyses the scales explained a considerable amount of variance for different well-being variables. Taken together, this emphasizes the relevance of the scales for the stress process.

          Conclusions

          The short version of the Instrument for Stress-related Job Analysis for Hospital Physicians is a reliable and valid instrument, which can be used practically and economically for normal hospital work.

          Translated abstract

          German abstract
          Hintergrund

          Arbeitsbedingungen in Kliniken bergen für Ärztinnen und Ärzte das Risiko gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigungen und können sich negativ auf die Patientenversorgung auswirken. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Instrument in Form eines Fragebogens entwickelt, mit dem Probleme in den ärztlichen Arbeitsbedingungen erfasst und Ansätze für Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung abgeleitet werden können.

          Methoden

          Es wurde eine Befragung mit 571 Klinikärztinnen und -ärzten durchgeführt. Bei dem eingesetzten Fragebogen handelt es sich um die gekürzte Fassung des umfangreicheren Instruments zur stressbezogenen Arbeitsanalyse für Klinikärztinnen und -ärzte. Die verwendete Kurzversion beinhaltet 14 Skalen mit 30 Items zu Stressoren und Ressourcen. Zum Zweck der Validierung wurden zusätzlich mehrere Skalen zum Befinden eingesetzt.

          Ergebnisse

          Die Faktorenstruktur der Kurzversion des Instruments für die Klinikärzte wurde mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse bestätigt. Cronbachs α sowie die Analysen zur Interrater-übereinstimmung mit dem Kennwert r wg(J) zeigen überwiegend moderate bis gute Ergebnisse. Die Interkorrelationen der Skalen sind zumeist gering bis moderat ausgeprägt und sprechen somit für deren weitgehende Eigenständigkeit. Die bivariaten Korrelationen mit verschiedenen Befindensvariablen sind für das Gros der Fragebogenskalen hochsignifikant, und in multiplen hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen zeigen die Skalen beachtliche Anteile zur Varianzaufklärung des Befindens, was ihre Relevanz im Stressprozess unterstreicht.

          Schlussfolgerungen

          Die Kurzversion des Instruments zur stressbezogenen Arbeitsanalyse für Klinikärztinnen und -ärzte stellt ein reliables und valides Instrument dar, das sich im Klinikalltag praktikabel und ökonomisch einsetzen lässt.

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          Most cited references11

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          Emotion Work as a Source of Stress: The Concept and Development of an Instrument

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            The Assessment of Psychological Strain in Work Contexts

            Irritation as defined in this paper is the subjectively perceived emotional and cognitive strain in occupational contexts. The structural equivalence of the Arabic, Dutch, English, French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, and Polish adaptations of the German Irritation Scale is examined. The Irritation Scale is recommended for application particularly in occupational contexts. In this field it can be used for evaluating interventions, for research on stress at work, and for individual counseling. Exploratory factor analyses, as well as single group and different multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses, were performed. Structural equivalency in terms of equal factor loadings as well as equal factor covariances across all adaptations can be claimed. However, the single group analyses suggest that the hypothesized factor model should be rejected in the English, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish versions, mainly because of borderline values in the RMSEA index.
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              Well-being in residency training: a survey examining resident physician satisfaction both within and outside of residency training and mental health in Alberta

              Background Despite the critical importance of well-being during residency training, only a few Canadian studies have examined stress in residency and none have examined well-being resources. No recent studies have reported any significant concerns with respect to perceived stress levels in residency. We investigated the level of perceived stress, mental health and understanding and need for well-being resources among resident physicians in training programs in Alberta, Canada. Methods A mail questionnaire was distributed to the entire resident membership of PARA during 2003 academic year. PARA represents each of the two medical schools in the province of Alberta. Results In total 415 (51 %) residents participated in the study. Thirty-four percent of residents who responded to the survey reported their life as being stressful. Females reported stress more frequently than males (40% vs. 27%, p < 0.02). Time pressure was reported as the number one factor contributing to stress (44% of males and 57% of females). A considerable proportion of residents would change their specialty program (14%) and even more would not pursue medicine (22%) if given the opportunity to relive their career. Up to 55% of residents reported experiencing intimidation and harassment. Intimidation and harassment was strongly related to gender (12% of males and 38% of females). Many residents (17%) rated their mental health as fair or poor. This was more than double the amount reported in the Canadian Community Health Survey from the province (8%) or the country (7%). Residents highly valued their colleagues (67%), program directors (60%) and external psychiatrist/psychologist (49%) as well-being resources. Over one third of residents wished to have a career counselor (39%) and financial counselor (38%). Conclusion Many Albertan residents experience significant stressors and emotional and mental health problems. Some of which differ among genders. This study can serve as a basis for future resource application, research and advocacy for overall improvements to well-being during residency training.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Occup Med Toxicol
                J Occup Med Toxicol
                Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London, England)
                BioMed Central
                1745-6673
                2013
                17 April 2013
                : 8
                : 10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department for Work and Organisational Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
                [2 ]Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW), Pappelallee 33/35/37, 22089 Hamburg, Germany
                [3 ]Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
                Article
                1745-6673-8-10
                10.1186/1745-6673-8-10
                3736611
                23594798
                ef098695-09f9-42de-a721-93f1e39fbd46
                Copyright © 2013 Keller et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 August 2012
                : 15 February 2013
                Categories
                Research

                Occupational & Environmental medicine
                workplace health promotion,hospital physicians,stress,job analysis

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