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      Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos jóvenes de un centro penitenciario Translated title: Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults of a penitentiary center

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: La cuantificación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en una población de adultos jóvenes permite identificar su vulnerabilidad y contribuye a focalizar estrategias de prevención en un grupo más susceptible de cambiar conductas y establecer hábitos de vida más saludables. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir los principales FRCV y estimar el riesgo mediante distintos modelos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico y transversal. Se incluyó toda la población de ambos sexos ingresada en el centro, cuyas edades estuviesen comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años a 15 de septiembre de 2017. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, y clínicas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y comparativo por sexo mediante técnicas estadísticas clásicas y modelos de regresión logística binaria. Se determinó riesgo cardiovascular mediante ecuaciones de Framingham, REGICOR, SCORE, DORICA y Q-RISK versión 2017. Todos los pacientes participantes dieron consentimiento autorizado. El proyecto fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética en Investigación Clínica. Resultados: La población diana fue de 211 adultos jóvenes, no se pudo contactar con 6. La cohorte final fue de 205 sujetos: hombres 170 (82,9%), mujeres 35 (17,1%). Media de edad 29,9 (IC 95%: 29,3-30,5). Estancia mediana 13,3 meses. FRCV mayores: Tabaquismo 82,0%; Dislipidemia 21,5%; Hipertensión 15,1%; Diabetes 2,0%. FRCV predisponentes: genéticos 46,3%; sedentarismo 38,0%; antecedentes familiares 17,6%; Trigliceridemia 16,6%; obesidad 13,2%. Otros: psicológicos 79,5%, alimentarios 72,2%; consumo cocaína 58,0%. Riesgo cardiovascular según Framingham: bajo 85,9%, ligero 12,9% moderado 1,2%. DORICA: bajo 87,6%, ligero 11,8%, moderado 0,6%. REGICOR: bajo 98,8% ligero 1,2%. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo identificados fueron un alto consumo de tóxicos, la influencia de sedentarismo y los factores psicológicos y alimentarios.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: The quantification of the cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in a population of young adults, allows to identify their vulnerabilities and contributes to focus on prevention strategies in a group more susceptible of changing their behavior and establishing healthier daily habits. The objectives of this work were to describe the main CVRF and estimate the risk through different models. Methods: Observational, descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study. All of the population of the centre of both genders, who were admitted and their age span from 18 to 35 as of the 15 September 2017, are included. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical variables were gathered. A descriptive and a gender comparative analysis took place using classical statistical techniques and binary logistic regression analysis. It was determined that cardiovascular risk using Framingham’s equation, REGICOR, SCORE, DORICA, and Q-RISK 2017 version. All of the patients who participated gave their authorizations and consent. The project was approved by a Committee of Ethics in Clinical Research. Results: The targeted population were 211 young adults, 6 members could not be contacted so the study held had a population of 205: 170 men (82.9%) and 35 women (17.1%). The average age is 29.9 (IC 95%: 29.3-30.5). The mean stay is 13.3 months. CVRF underlines: genetics 46.3%, sedentariness 38.0%; familiar backgrounds 17.6%; Triglyceridemic 16.6%; obesity 13.2%. Others: psychological 79.5%, eating disorders 72.2%, cocaine consumption 58.0%. Cardiovascular risk by Framingham: low 85.9%, light 12.9%, moderate 1.2%. DORICA: low 87.6%, light 11.8%, moderate 0.6%. REGICOR: low 98.8%, light 1.2%. Conclusions: The identified risk factors were high toxic consumption, influence of sedentary lifestyle and psychological and alimentary factors.

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          Most cited references14

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          Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology

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            Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC)123456

            Background: The higher risk of death resulting from excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). However, the theoretical number of deaths reduced by eliminating physical inactivity compared with overall and abdominal obesity remains unclear. Objective: We examined whether overall and abdominal adiposity modified the association between PA and all-cause mortality and estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and the years of life gained for these exposures. Design: This was a cohort study in 334,161 European men and women. The mean follow-up time was 12.4 y, corresponding to 4,154,915 person-years. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured in the clinic. PA was assessed with a validated self-report instrument. The combined associations between PA, BMI, and WC with mortality were examined with Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by center and age group, and adjusted for sex, education, smoking, and alcohol intake. Center-specific PAF associated with inactivity, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) (>30), and WC (≥102 cm for men, ≥88 cm for women) were calculated and combined in random-effects meta-analysis. Life-tables analyses were used to estimate gains in life expectancy for the exposures. Results: Significant interactions (PA × BMI and PA × WC) were observed, so HRs were estimated within BMI and WC strata. The hazards of all-cause mortality were reduced by 16–30% in moderately inactive individuals compared with those categorized as inactive in different strata of BMI and WC. Avoiding all inactivity would theoretically reduce all-cause mortality by 7.35% (95% CI: 5.88%, 8.83%). Corresponding estimates for avoiding obesity (BMI >30) were 3.66% (95% CI: 2.30%, 5.01%). The estimates for avoiding high WC were similar to those for physical inactivity. Conclusion: The greatest reductions in mortality risk were observed between the 2 lowest activity groups across levels of general and abdominal adiposity, which suggests that efforts to encourage even small increases in activity in inactive individuals may be beneficial to public health.
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              Factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Perspectivas derivadas del Framingham Heart Study

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2018
                : 92
                : e201807037
                Affiliations
                [1] Castellón de Plana orgnameCentro Penitenciario Castellón I orgdiv1Servicio Médico España
                Article
                S1135-57272018000100416 S1135-5727(18)09200000416
                ef27f9bc-7b73-4b41-b07b-2953b82dafdc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 January 2018
                : 15 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health


                España,Prisiones,Estilo de vida,Promoción de la salud,Prevención primaria,Adulto joven,Enfermedades cardiovasculares,Factores de riesgo,Spain,Prisons,Life style,Health promotion,Primary prevention,Young adult,Cardiovascular diseases,Risk factors

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