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      Sinopse do gênero Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Translated title: Synopsis of the genus Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Euphorbiaceae é uma das maiores famílias de Angiospermas, com 246 gêneros e aproximadamente 6.300 espécies distribuídas em todas as regiões do mundo. Acalypha é o terceiro maior gênero da família com cerca de 450 espécies e possui distribuição pantropical. Este trabalho foi baseado na análise de coleções de herbários e visou realizar o levantamento de espécies do gênero Acalypha no Estado de São Paulo, contribuir para o conhecimento da família na região, além de produzir uma chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero. Foram reconhecidas 14 espécies de Acalypha em São Paulo, sendo duas novas ocorrências para o Estado (A. velamea e A. herzogiana).

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms, with 246 genera and approximately 6300 species distributed worldwide. Acalypha is the third largest genus of this family, including about 450 species and with a pantropical distribution. This work was based on the analysis of herbarium collections aiming to carry out the survey of species of the genus Acalypha in the State of São Paulo, as well as contribute to the knowledge of the family in the region and provide an identification key for the species of the genus. We recognized 14 species of Acalypha for São Paulo State, of which two represent new for the State records (A. herzogiana and A. velamea).

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          Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life.

          The eudicot order Malpighiales contains ∼16000 species and is the most poorly resolved large rosid clade. To clarify phylogenetic relationships in the order, we used maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses of DNA sequence data from 13 gene regions, totaling 15604 bp, and representing all three genomic compartments (i.e., plastid: atpB, matK, ndhF, and rbcL; mitochondrial: ccmB, cob, matR, nad1B-C, nad6, and rps3; and nuclear: 18S rDNA, PHYC, and newly developed low-copy EMB2765). Our sampling of 190 taxa includes representatives from all families of Malpighiales. These data provide greatly increased support for the recent additions of Aneulophus, Bhesa, Centroplacus, Ploiarium, and Rafflesiaceae to Malpighiales; sister relations of Phyllanthaceae + Picrodendraceae, monophyly of Hypericaceae, and polyphyly of Clusiaceae. Oxalidales + Huaceae, followed by Celastrales are successive sisters to Malpighiales. Parasitic Rafflesiaceae, which produce the world's largest flowers, are confirmed as embedded within a paraphyletic Euphorbiaceae. Novel findings show a well-supported placement of Ctenolophonaceae with Erythroxylaceae + Rhizophoraceae, sister-group relationships of Bhesa + Centroplacus, and the exclusion of Medusandra from Malpighiales. New taxonomic circumscriptions include the addition of Bhesa to Centroplacaceae, Medusandra to Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Calophyllaceae applied to Clusiaceae subfamily Kielmeyeroideae, Peraceae applied to Euphorbiaceae subfamily Peroideae, and Huaceae included in Oxalidales.
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            Species plantarum

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              Molecular phylogenetic analysis of uniovulate Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto) using plastid RBCL and TRNL-F DNA sequences.

              Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of plastid rbcL and trnL-F DNA sequence data of the pantropical family Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto (s.s.) are presented. Sampling includes representatives of all three subfamilies (Acalyphoideae, Crotonoideae, and Euphorbioideae), 35 of 37 tribes and 179 of the 247 genera of uniovulate Euphorbiaceae sensu lato (s.l.). Euphorbiaceae s.s. were recovered as a monophyletic group with no new adjustments in circumscription. Two clades containing taxa previously placed in Acalyphoideae are found to be successive sisters to all other Euphorbiaceae s.s. and are proposed here at subfamilial rank as Peroideae and Cheilosoideae. The remainder of the family fall into seven major lineages including Erismantheae and Acalyphoideae s.s. (parts of Acalyphoideae), Adenoclineae s.l., Gelonieae, articulated crotonoids and inaperturate crotonoids (parts of Crotonoideae), and Euphorbioideae. Potential synapomorphies and biogeographical trends are suggested for these clades. Acalyphoideae s.s., inaperturate crotonoids, and Euphorbioideae tribe Hippomaneae each have two major subclades that represent novel groupings without apparent morphological synapomorphies. Two subfamilies, 14 tribes, and 10 genera were found to be para- or polyphyletic. Noteworthy among these, Omphaleae are embedded in Adenoclineae, Hureae + Pachystromateae in Hippomaneae, Ditta in Tetrorchidium, and Sapium s.s. in Stillingia.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                hoehnea
                Hoehnea
                Hoehnea
                Instituto de Botânica (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0073-2877
                2236-8906
                September 2017
                : 44
                : 3
                : 336-348
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidade Autónoma de Madrid orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Espanha
                [3] Diadema São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Brazil
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameInstituto de Botânica orgdiv1Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário Brazil
                Article
                S2236-89062017000300336
                10.1590/2236-8906-79/2016
                ef751a68-1add-4150-b547-cd39897a2fc6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 September 2016
                : 04 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Flora do Brasil,Brazilian flora,taxonomy,taxonomia
                Flora do Brasil, Brazilian flora, taxonomy, taxonomia

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