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      Influencia de la proporción agua de mar y bicarbonato en la producción de biomasa de Spirulina sp. con iluminación de diodo emisor de luz Translated title: Proportional influence of sea water and bicarbonate on the production of Spirulina sp. biomass with light-emitting diode lighting

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          Abstract

          Se estudió la influencia de las variables proporción agua de mar (%) y concentración de bicarbonato en la producción de biomasa de Spirulina sp., utilizándose un Diseño Compuesto Central Rotacional (DCCR) para evaluar las regiones óptimas de producción de biomasa (ϕ), fase de adaptación (λ) velocidad específica de crecimiento (µ) y tiempo de generación (G), empleándose en cada ensayo el modelo matemático de Gompertz. Se obtuvo el mayor valor de biomasa (ϕ) log N/N0: 0,928 a las 168,8 horas en un medio de cultivo con pH de 8,8±0,1; a temperatura de 25ºC; con salinidad de 1,2% y 1,6 g/L de bicarbonato. El menor valor de ϕ fue de 0,45±0,01; obtenido coincidentemente en las repeticiones del punto central, utilizando una salinidad de 0,7% y 3,0g/L de bicarbonato en un medio con pH de 9,1±0,4 a 25ºC; lo que demuestra la importancia de la salinidad aportada por volumen de agua de mar en relación al bicarbonato, en la producción de biomasa de Spirulina. La iluminación fue de 2,7±1,2 klx, proporcionada por un Diodo Emisor de Luz Blanca (DELB) por 12 horas continuas y con una inyección de 0,86±0,09 L/s de aire por fotobiorreactor de 200 mL de capacidad. Solamente los valores de ϕ se ajustaron adecuadamente a la Superficie de Respuesta con un R² de 0,99 para un modelo matemático cuadrático y p < 0,05, con un error absoluto medio de 2,4%.

          Translated abstract

          The study focused on the influence of the variables seawater proportion (%) and bicarbonate concentration on Spirulina sp. biomass production, using a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) to evaluate the optimal regions of biomass production (ϕ), adaptation phase (λ), specific growth rate (µ) and generation time (G), using for each treatment the Gompertz mathematical model. The highest values of biomass (ϕ) log N/N0: 0.93 were obtained at 168.8 hours; in a culture medium with pH 8.8±0.1; at a temperature of 25°C; with salinity of 1.2% and 1.6 gL of bicarbonate. The lowest value of ϕ was 0.45±0.01; coincidentally obtained in repetitions of the central point, using a salinity of 0.7% and 3.0g/L of bicarbonate; in a medium with pH 9.1±0.4 to 25°C; which shows the importance of salinity provided by the volume of seawater relative to bicarbonate, in the production of Spirulina biomass. The lighting was 2.7±1.2 klx, provided by a White Light-Emitting Diode (WLED) during 12 continuous hours and an air injection of 0.86±0.09 L/s by a photo bioreactor with a 200 mL capacity. Only the values of ϕ, adjusted properly to the Response Surface with an R² of 0.99 for a quadratic mathematical model and p < 0.05 with a 2.4% average absolute error.

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          Most cited references42

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          Hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities of microalgae Spirulina.

          Spirulina is free-floating filamentous microalgae growing in alkaline water bodies. With its high nutritional value, Spirulina has been consumed as food for centuries in Central Africa. It is now widely used as nutraceutical food supplement worldwide. Recently, great attention and extensive studies have been devoted to evaluate its therapeutic benefits on an array of diseased conditions including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycerolemia, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and viral infections. The cardiovascular benefits of Spirulina are primarily resulted from its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities. Data from preclinical studies with various animal models consistently demonstrate the hypolipidemic activity of Spirulina. Although differences in study design, sample size, and patient conditions resulting in minor inconsistency in response to Spirulina supplementation, the findings from human clinical trials are largely consistent with the hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina observed in the preclinical studies. However, most of the human clinical trials are suffered with limited sample size and some with poor experimental design. The antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory activities of Spirulina were demonstrated in a large number of preclinical studies. However, a limited number of clinical trials have been carried out so far to confirm such activities in human. Currently, our understanding on the underlying mechanisms for Spirulina's activities, especially the hypolipidemic effect, is limited. Spirulina is generally considered safe for human consumption supported by its long history of use as food source and its favorable safety profile in animal studies. However, rare cases of side-effects in human have been reported. Quality control in the growth and process of Spirulina to avoid contamination is mandatory to guarantee the safety of Spirulina products.
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            Colouring our foods in the last and next millennium

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              Light requirements in microalgal photobioreactors: an overview of biophotonic aspects.

              In order to enhance microalgal growth in photobioreactors (PBRs), light requirement is one of the most important parameters to be addressed; light should indeed be provided at the appropriate intensity, duration, and wavelength. Excessive intensity may lead to photo-oxidation and -inhibition, whereas low light levels will become growth-limiting. The constraint of light saturation may be overcome via either of two approaches: increasing photosynthetic efficiency by genetic engineering, aimed at changing the chlorophyll antenna size; or increasing flux tolerance, via tailoring the photonic spectrum, coupled with its intensity and temporal characteristics. These approaches will allow an increased control over the illumination features, leading to maximization of microalgal biomass and metabolite productivity. This minireview briefly introduces the nature of light, and describes its harvesting and transformation by microalgae, as well as its metabolic effects under excessively low or high supply. Optimization of the photosynthetic efficiency is discussed under the two approaches referred to above; the selection of light sources, coupled with recent improvements in light handling by PBRs, are chronologically reviewed and critically compared.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                agro
                Scientia Agropecuaria
                Scientia Agropecuaria
                Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias (Trujillo, , Peru )
                2077-9917
                2014
                : 5
                : 4
                : 199-209
                Affiliations
                [01] Trujillo orgnameUniversidad Privada Antenor Orrego orgdiv1Escuela de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias Perú
                [02] Trujillo orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Trujillo orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Agroindustriales Perú
                Article
                S2077-99172014000400004 S2077-9917(14)00500400004
                10.17268/sci.agropecu.2014.04.04
                ef88ac7d-4e0b-4dbe-b58b-b86157287d47

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 September 2014
                : 03 December 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Spirulina sp.,modelo de Gompertz,bicarbonato,Diodo Emisor de Luz Blanca,agua de mar,Gompertz model,bicarbonate,White Light-Emitting Diode,sea water

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