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      Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing

      research-article
      a , b , c
      The European Journal of General Practice
      Taylor & Francis
      General practice/family medicine, general, qualitative designs and methods, trustworthiness, reflexivity, publishing

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          Abstract

          In the course of our supervisory work over the years we have noticed that qualitative research tends to evoke a lot of questions and worries, so-called frequently asked questions (FAQs). This series of four articles intends to provide novice researchers with practical guidance for conducting high-quality qualitative research in primary care. By ‘novice’ we mean Master’s students and junior researchers, as well as experienced quantitative researchers who are engaging in qualitative research for the first time. This series addresses their questions and provides researchers, readers, reviewers and editors with references to criteria and tools for judging the quality of qualitative research papers. The first article provides an introduction to this series. The second article focused on context, research questions and designs. The third article focused on sampling, data collection and analysis. This fourth article addresses FAQs about trustworthiness and publishing. Quality criteria for all qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Reflexivity is an integral part of ensuring the transparency and quality of qualitative research. Writing a qualitative research article reflects the iterative nature of the qualitative research process: data analysis continues while writing. A qualitative research article is mostly narrative and tends to be longer than a quantitative paper, and sometimes requires a different structure. Editors essentially use the criteria: is it new, is it true, is it relevant? An effective cover letter enhances confidence in the newness, trueness and relevance, and explains why your study required a qualitative design. It provides information about the way you applied quality criteria or a checklist, and you can attach the checklist to the manuscript.

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          Most cited references9

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          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.

            Standards for reporting exist for many types of quantitative research, but currently none exist for the broad spectrum of qualitative research. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and define standards for reporting qualitative research while preserving the requisite flexibility to accommodate various paradigms, approaches, and methods.
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              Qualitative Quality: Eight "Big-Tent" Criteria for Excellent Qualitative Research

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Gen Pract
                Eur J Gen Pract
                The European Journal of General Practice
                Taylor & Francis
                1381-4788
                1751-1402
                5 December 2017
                2018
                5 December 2017
                : 24
                : 1
                : 120-124
                Affiliations
                [a ]Faculty of Health Care, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences , Maastricht, The Netherlands;
                [b ]Faculty of Health Care, Research Centre Autonomy and Participation of Chronically Ill People, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences , Heerlen, The Netherlands;
                [c ]Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                CONTACT Irene Korstjens im.korstjens@ 123456av-m.nl Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Care, Research Centre for Midwifery Science , PO Box 1256, 6201 BG, Maastricht, The Netherlands
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-468X
                Article
                1375092
                10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092
                8816392
                29202616
                ef99a5d3-9ce6-4b35-8970-9d04aed9afda
                © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Pages: 5, Words: 3626
                Categories
                Research Article
                Methodological Paper

                Medicine
                general practice/family medicine,general,qualitative designs and methods,trustworthiness,reflexivity,publishing

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