The effect of different platelet‐rich plasma concentrations on proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro

Abstract

Abstract.  Objectives: The use of platelets and platelet products has become increasingly popular clinically as a means of accelerating endosseous wound healing. It is likely that growth factors released by activated platelets at the site of injury play a role in periodontal regeneration by regulating cellular activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro. Materials and methods: Primary cultures of hPDLCs were obtained from healthy premolars. PRP was isolated by two‐step centrifugation. Two main growth factors present in the thrombin‐activated PRP (platelet‐derived growth factor [PDGF‐AB] and transforming growth factor‐β1 [TGF‐β1]) were evaluated using ELISA assay. Activated PRP or the combination of recombined human TGF‐β1 (rhTGF‐β1) and PDGF‐AB (rhPDGF‐AB) were added to hPDLCs in different concentrations to assess cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Results: PRP contained high levels of TGF‐β1 and PDGF‐AB. Cell attachment, proliferation and ALP activity were enhanced by addition of PRP or rhTGF‐β1 and rhPDGF‐AB combination to the cell cultures, while the stimulatory potency of PRP was much greater than the latter. These stimulatory effects presented in a dose‐dependant manner, it seemed that PRP with 50~100ng/ml TGF‐β1 was an ideal concentration. Conclusions: PRP can enhance hPDLC adhesion, proliferation and induce the differentiation of hPDLC into mineralized tissue formation cell; thereby contribute to the main processes of periodontal tissue regeneration. For economical and biological reasons, PRP has more clinical beneficial than analogous growth factors.